{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:21:09Z","timestamp":1791976869360,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":314,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007188","name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HU00011920011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HU00011920011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Globally, 57.7\u00a0million people lived with traumatic limb loss in 2017, with the prevalence of amputation in the United States alone expected to reach 3.6\u00a0million by 2050. Pain is a common complication after limb loss, with up to 59% of patients experiencing residual limb pain (RLP). Although RLP is often due to a structural etiology, it is difficult to treat because the exact structure involved is frequently not apparent on history and physical examination alone. This narrative review aims to summarize the available literature on diagnostic ultrasound of the residual limb and examine the utility of ultrasound in identifying specific pathology. A total of 31 peer\u2010reviewed manuscripts published between 1989 and 2021 were included, grouped by pathology. Although ultrasound presents a promising and cost\u2010effective approach to identifying pathology within the residual limb, many gaps remain in the current knowledge, and no specific protocol for a sonographic assessment of the residual limb has ever been proposed. Future studies of diagnostic ultrasound of the residual limb should focus on replicable sonographic techniques and standardized exam protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T10:33:11Z","timestamp":1663237991000},"page":"501-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Diagnostic ultrasound of the residual limb: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1932-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan E.","family":"Powell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitative Medicine Brooke Army Medical Center  Fort Sam Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5237-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tawnee L.","family":"Sparling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4680-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364620972258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00734"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Phantom sensation, phantom pain, and stump pain","volume":"74","author":"Davis RW","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-014-0063-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2007.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.5.g99se101253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc14s219"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182971269"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001796"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199702)25:2<85::AID-JCU7>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-002-0606-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000687"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"Post\u2010amputation neuroma of radial nerve in a patient with ephithelioid sarcoma: case report and literature review","volume":"91","author":"Sandomenico F","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21607"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160572"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-191645"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12889"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31818b2b12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GOX.0000584672.39249.cf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153857449202600906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40477-020-00478-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v14i2.3711","article-title":"Adventitious bursitis in the plantar fat pad of forefoot presenting as a tumoral mass","volume":"14","author":"Zidani H","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-017-2577-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020000227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03093640903171010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2021.7926"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181ca22bc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364612464233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(95)70048-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"Postoperative incidence of deep vein thrombosis after major lower extremity amputation","volume":"27","author":"Bandeira FCV","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Deep venous thrombosis as a cause of stump swelling in two lower extremity amputee patients","volume":"74","author":"Chong DK","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030687"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1544316720985811"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-1072-4"}],"container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmrj.12896","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pmrj.12896","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/pmrj.12896","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmrj.12896","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T05:37:27Z","timestamp":1692682647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pmrj.12896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pmrj.12896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmrj.12896","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-1482","1934-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-1482","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}