{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:23:43Z","timestamp":1791959023639,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2KL2TR001424\u201005A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2KL2TR001424\u201005A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Golf is a moderate\u2010intensity physical activity that provides positive physical and mental health benefits. However, the inclusiveness of the sport for individuals with disabilities globally is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the demographics and disability characteristics of individuals engaging in disability golf globally. It was hypothesized that the majority of participants would be middle\u2010aged, male, and from countries with higher gross domestic product, similar to the nondisabled population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive, cross\u2010sectional analysis using European Disability Golf Association (EDGA) database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various international golf tournaments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Golfers (n\u00a0=\u00a01734) with disability from 44 countries registered with the EDGA (2017\u20132021).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive analyses of frequencies, distributions, and means differences of demographic characteristics (age, gender, type of disability, level of handicap, golf cart use, and country of origin) of golfers with disability were performed. Data provided analysis of the association between number of participants and a country's gross domestic product (GDP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals had a mean age of 52.5 (\u00b115.6) years: 1589 (91.6%) male and 145 (8.4%) female. Twenty\u2010three countries had female participation. The most commonly reported primary disability diagnoses were neurologic (24.8%), orthopedic (21.4%), and amputation below the knee (14.4%). Neurologic impairments (24.7%) were most common in men and orthopedic impairments (29.7%) were most common in women. Individuals with neurological impairments (27.4%) most frequently required golf carts to play. The GDP of a country had a positive correlation (r\u00a0=\u00a00.68) with the number of registered golfers with disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Golf is played by individuals with a variety of disabilities and provides numerous benefits. However, there is an underrepresentation of youth, women, and individuals with certain impairments and from lower\u2010income countries. These are the potential areas of opportunity to improve engagement and inclusiveness of golf.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T18:26:29Z","timestamp":1675362389000},"page":"1309-1317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The global state of play: A study of the demographic characteristics of disability golfers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0382-9490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley","family":"Guillaume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab  Chicago Illinois United States"},{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham University  Durham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0369-2896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prakash","family":"Jayabalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab  Chicago Illinois United States"},{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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