{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:52:06Z","timestamp":1786978326825,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2T35DK074390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2T35DK074390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201017\u20101\u20100697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201017\u20101\u20100697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited available data suggest that fear of falling (FoF) may be common among lower limb prosthesis users (LLPUs) and associated with negative rehabilitation outcomes. The impact of FoF on outcomes may be exacerbated when fear leads to self\u2010imposed declines in activity. There is a need to identify the validity of fear\u2010of\u2010falling\u2013related activity avoidance scales in LLPUs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the convergent, discriminant, and known\u2010group construct validity of the modified Survey of Activities and FoF in the Elderly (mSAFE) for LLPUs. Secondarily, we sought to determine if the mSAFE scale could be reduced without losing information regarding construct validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Online survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010nine persons with unilateral or bilateral amputation at the transtibial or transfemoral level, with \u22656\u2009months experience using a definitive prosthesis for activities other than transfers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants completed an online survey that consisted of the mSAFE and questions to assess FoF (yes\/no), fear\u2010of\u2010falling\u2013related activity avoidance (yes\/no), as well as previously validated scales capturing related and unrelated constructs. T\u2010tests were used to compare mSAFE score between yes\/no respondents for known\u2010group construct validity. Correlations between mSAFE and previously validated surveys assessed convergent and discriminant validity. Analyses were repeated on a reduced number of mSAFE items following a redundancy analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant correlation coefficients of |0.440\u20130.825| were found for convergent validity with evidence of known\u2010group construct validity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.021 for all comparisons). There was evidence for discriminant validity, with non\u2010significant associations for two\u2010of\u2010three correlations. Results from validity analyses for a shortened 6\u2010item mSAFE were similar to that for the full scale.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provided initial evidence regarding validity of the mSAFE as a measure to assess fear\u2010of\u2010falling\u2013related activity avoidance in LLPUs. A 6\u2010item scale may be appropriate if the full scale would be taxing or time\u2010consuming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T15:51:25Z","timestamp":1693065085000},"page":"462-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Validating a fear\u2010of\u2010falling\u2013related activity avoidance scale in lower limb prosthesis users"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3901-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah J.","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Lower Extremity Ambulatory Research (CLEAR) at the Dr. William M. 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