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COVID\u201019\u2010positive persons with MS, SCI, or TBI (cases) were matched 1:1 on age, gender, race, ethnicity, and comorbidities to COVID\u201019\u2010positive persons without these diagnoses (controls). The main outcomes assessed were hospitalization for acute COVID\u201019, length of stay (LOS), the total number of hospitalizations, mortality, and incidence of six prevalent post\u2010COVID sequelae within 6\u2009months following a COVID\u201019 diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 388,297 laboratory\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019 cases identified. Of these cases, 2204 individuals had one of the following preexisting diagnoses: 51.3% TBI, 31.4% MS, and 17.3% SCI. People with TBI, MS, and SCI were significantly more likely to be hospitalized for COVID\u201019 (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.03\u20131.46) than matched controls. There was no difference in LOS, total hospitalizations, or mortality during the 6\u2009months following the initial COVID diagnosis. Multivariable analyses reveal that persons with TBI, MS, and SCI were more likely to experience new weakness (OR\u2009=\u20091.54, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.19\u20132.00), mobility difficulties (OR\u2009=\u20091.66, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.17\u20132.35), and cognitive dysfunction (OR\u2009=\u20091.79, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.38\u20132.33) than controls, even after controlling for the presence of these symptoms prior to their COVID infection and other risk factors. There were no differences in fatigue, pain, or dyspnea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Having a history of MS, SCI or TBI was not associated with higher mortality risk from COVID\u201019. However, associations between these diagnoses and postacute COVID\u201019 symptoms raise concern about widening health outcome disparities for individuals with such potentially disabling conditions following COVID\u201019 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T10:53:30Z","timestamp":1703501610000},"page":"553-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The association of multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury to acute and long <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Abramoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation The University of Pennsylvania\u2010 Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4318-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Hentschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard University School of Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingram A.","family":"Dillingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Franklin and Marshall College  Lancaster Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Dillingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation The University of Pennsylvania\u2010 Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwen","family":"Baraniecki\u2010Zwil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation The University of Pennsylvania\u2010 Perelman School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lincoln University  Lincoln University Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana E.","family":"Pezzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Equity, Collaborative for Healthcare and Delivery Science Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Division of Human Development and Disability: Disability and Health Data System (DHDS) Data."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Percentage of any Difficulty Walking or Climbing Steps for Adults Aged 18 and over, United States, 2019\u20142020","author":"Statistics NC for H","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46945\/bpj.10.1.04.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2021.100176"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.101014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(21)00069\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973\u20109087.20.06535\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2020.105178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"United Nations.Policy Brief: A disability\u2010inclusive response to COVID\u201019. 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