{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:55:53Z","timestamp":1777676153592,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133A080035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133A080035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the benefits versus harms of amantadine in the treatment of irritability and aggression following traumatic brain injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary outcome data from a randomized controlled multisite trial of amantadine 100\u2009mg twice daily were used to calculate number\u2010needed\u2010to\u2010treat (NNT). Given prior findings of positive clinician\u2010perceived effects and low incidence of adverse events, we hypothesized low number\u2010needed\u2010to\u2010treat for benefit (NNTB; high benefit) and high number\u2010needed\u2010to\u2010treat for harm (NNTH; low risk) based on the clinician ratings, supporting the use of amantadine in clinical practice. Specifically, NNTB values were calculated using number of individuals with improvement on the Clinician Global Impressions\u2013Global Improvement scale (GI). NNTH values were computed using number of individuals with worsening on the GI and experiencing serious and any adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on clinician ratings, on average for every six patients treated with amantadine rather than placebo, one extra patient would be expected to improve (NNTB\u2009=\u20096.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [3.3\u201376.8]). More participants in the placebo group worsened than in the amantadine group, but the result was not statistically significant (NNTH\u2009=\u2009\u221292.4; 95% CI: [NNTB \u221232.9 to infinity to NNTH \u221219.2]). The amantadine and placebo groups did not differ on the numbers of adverse events experienced during the trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinician ratings suggest modest benefit of amantadine 100\u2009mg twice daily with low risk to appropriately selected patients with adequate renal clearance. Thus, amantadine should be considered a treatment option for the experienced brain injury clinician. These data may support treatment decisions when a pharmaceutical agent is being considered to control irritability\/aggression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T05:24:50Z","timestamp":1703481890000},"page":"661-668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing the benefits and risks of amantadine for irritability and aggression after traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9840-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora M.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana  Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Carolinas Rehabilitation, Atrium Health  Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross D.","family":"Zafonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department TIRR Memorial Hermann  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0928-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen R.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bogner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Malec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeong Hoon","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Quantitative Risk Management Yonsei University  Incheon South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1005134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2017.1307767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000290972.63753.a7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"NSW Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program: Challenging Behaviours Project, Adults","author":"Sabaz M","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000179438.22235.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2020.7530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-198908000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HTR.0000438116.56228.de"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300873"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)Version 5.0. 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