{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:07:44Z","timestamp":1792066064077,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not infrequently associated with spinal cord injury (SCI), there is relatively scarce information about the effects of concomitant TBI on outcomes after SCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the impact of concomitant mild\u2010to\u2010moderate TBI on survival, and neurological and functional outcomes within the first year after acute traumatic SCI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute spine trauma centers in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participant<jats:bold>s<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>This study includes all individuals who were enrolled into the Third National Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS\u20103). The study population was classified into SCI\u2009+\u2009TBI group and SCI\u2010alone group. TBI was defined as a Glasgow Coma Scale score &lt;15 on admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both groups were compared regarding their survival and neurological outcomes (ie, NASCIS motor, sensory and pain scores) and functional outcome (ie, Functional Independence Measure score) within the first year following SCI. Data analyses were adjusted for major potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 413 individuals in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010alone group and 86 individuals in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBI<\/jats:styled-content> group (17.2%). Both groups were comparable regarding gender distribution (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.621). However, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBI<\/jats:styled-content> group was older (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), had a higher proportion of complete (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.006) and cervical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003), and had a higher blood alcohol level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010alone group. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2009+\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBI<\/jats:styled-content> group did not significantly differ from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010alone group regarding survival within the first year after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.768). Among the survivors, concomitant mild\u2010to\u2010moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TBI<\/jats:styled-content> did not significantly affect neurological and functional outcomes at 1\u2009year after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCI<\/jats:styled-content> in the multiple regression analyses after adjusting for major potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study suggest that concomitant mild\u2010to\u2010moderate TBI did not have a significant impact on survival, neurological recovery, and functional outcomes at 1\u2009year after SCI, even though there were some epidemiological differences between SCI\u2010alone and SCI\u2009+\u2009TBI 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