{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:41:05Z","timestamp":1790120465663,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer athletes, men have higher rates of hip and groin strains, whereas women have higher rates of knee ligament injuries. Strength imbalances of the hip and thigh, specifically in agonist\u2013antagonist muscles, are known risk factors for these injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To perform hip and thigh strength assessments in NCAA soccer players to evaluate for differences between genders and correlations with gender\u2010specific injury patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>With a handheld dynamometer, weight\u2010normalized isometric strength of six muscle groups (hip abductors, hip adductors, hip flexors, hip extensors, knee flexors, knee extensors) was calculated in NCAA soccer players. The strength ratio of each agonist\u2013antagonist muscle was also calculated (hip abductors\/adductors, hip flexors\/extensors, knee extensors\/flexors).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six NCAA soccer players (18 men, 18 women) from a single NCAA Division III institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weight\u2010normalized strength of six muscle groups and their agonist\u2013antagonist strength ratios were compared between genders using linear mixed\u2010effects models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with male players, female players had decreased weight\u2010normalized strength for hip abduction (0.170 vs. 0.204, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.012) and hip extension (0.172 vs. 0.211, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.021). Otherwise, weight\u2010normalized strength was similar between genders. When comparing agonist\u2013antagonist strength ratios, there was a significant difference between female and male players for hip flexion:extension (1.70 vs. 1.35, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008), whereas the hip abduction: adduction ratio did not reach statistical significance (1.45 vs. 1.62, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.080).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NCAA male and female soccer players had different hip strength profiles that fit their injury patterns. Male NCAA soccer players have higher rates of hip and groin strains, and men in the cohort had strength ratios that were deficient in the hip flexors and adductors compared with women. Female NCAA soccer players have higher rates of knee sprains and anterior cruciate ligament tears, and women in the cohort had strength ratios that were deficient in the hip abductors and extensors, which function to stabilize the knee. These strength disparities could be the focus of future gender\u2010specific soccer injury prevention programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T10:16:34Z","timestamp":1711448194000},"page":"347-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gender\u2010specific hip strength disparities correlate with injury patterns in <scp>NCAA<\/scp> men's and women's soccer players"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1932-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Bakal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine University of California San Diego School of Medicine  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia 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