{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:14:04Z","timestamp":1778498044353,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the high prevalence of disability and the frequency with which people with disabilities encounter the health care system, physicians report inadequate knowledge regarding caring for their patients with disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the number and type of disability\u2010related competencies in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones 2.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analysis of publicly available data to identify, via key word search, the presence of disability\u2010related competencies using disability\u2010related terms derived from the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's Milestones 2.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Presence of disability\u2010related competencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over one\u2010third (37.5%) of specialties had zero disability\u2010related competencies. Nineteen (59.4%) included an Interpersonal and Communication Skills Milestone\u00a0that mentions disability as a potential barrier to communication. No specialties had Systems\u2010Based Practice or Practice\u2010Based Learning and Improvement disability\u2010related competencies. Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&amp;R) had six disability\u2010related competencies, preventive medicine occupational and environmental medicine had three, and otolaryngology and transition year each had two.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A minority of medical and surgical specialties had disability\u2010related competencies outside of the Interpersonal and Communication domain. With the rising prevalence of disability and the lack of physicians with expertise in the care of people with disability, the time is now to integrate disability competencies into residencies, especially for the primary care specialties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T10:16:10Z","timestamp":1724408170000},"page":"195-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A dearth of disability\u2010related competencies in <scp>Accreditation Council<\/scp> for <scp>Graduate Medical Education's Milestones<\/scp> 2.0"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2906-8896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy J.","family":"Houtrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9498-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max B.","family":"Hurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine &amp; Rehabilitation University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology University of Pittsburgh School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.30358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2019.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.01452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2023.2207773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120303301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Core Competencies on Disability for Health Care Education","author":"Education AfDiHC","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/jgme\u2010d\u201023\u201000119.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME\u201005\u201001s1\u201008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/jgme\u2010d\u201020\u201000891.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.Common Program Requirements.https:\/\/wwwacgmeorg\/programs-and-institutions\/programs\/common-program-requirements\/. 2023;accessed February 19 2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Disability NCo.NCD Letter to the ACGME Regarding Disability Competency Training of Medical Professionals.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.Milestones by Specialty.https:\/\/wwwacgmeorg\/milestones\/milestones-by-specialty\/. 2023;date accessed(12.13.23)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0963828031000137063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/jgme\u2010d\u201020\u201000909.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to the Milestones 2.0: assessment, implementation, and clinical competency committees supplement.","volume":"13","author":"Andolsek KM","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02707-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/phm.0000000000001218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","article-title":"Advance data tables: 2023 Main residency Match","author":"National Resident Matching Program","year":"2023","journal-title":"The MATCH"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.00475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.00499"}],"container-title":["PM&amp;R"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmrj.13257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T05:18:57Z","timestamp":1741583937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pmrj.13257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pmrj.13257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmrj.13257","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-1482","1934-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-1482","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}