{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T23:50:42Z","timestamp":1776469842039,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Health care workers (HCWs) caring for patients with chronic disease are more likely to experience compassion fatigue. The impacts on HCWs caring for patients with a new complex chronic disease, long COVID, are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To measure compassion fatigue, work engagement, and psychological distress in HCWs caring for patients with long COVID and investigate associations with personal history of long COVID and demographic and occupational characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Cross\u2010sectional survey study assessing demographic and occupational characteristics, Compassion Fatigue\u2010Short Scale (CF\u2010SS), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale\u20103 (UWES\u20103), and Screening Tool for Psychological Distress (STOP\u2010D) in HCWs caring for patients with long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Online survey from March\u2013June 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n 116 HCWs caring for patients with long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n CF\u2010SS, UWES\u20103, and STOP\u2010D scores and associations with personal history of long COVID, demographic and occupational factors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n HCWs with a personal history of long COVID had worse scores in all outcome measures compared to those without long COVID. Effects were moderate (UWES\u20103: \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.09,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.01; STOP\u2010D: \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.06,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.02; CF\u2010SS: \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.07,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.02). Outcome measures were comparable between physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians and other HCWs (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u2009.05). CF\u2010SS showed a small positive correlation (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \n s<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20090.19,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009112,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04) with the percentage of the provider's patient population with long COVID. Mean outcome measures differed between career\u2010level groups with medium to large effects (UWES\u20103: \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.13, STOP\u2010D: \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.06, CF\u2010SS: \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.06). Work engagement was worse in early career compared to late career (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2009<.01). Psychological distress was worse in middle career compared to late career (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.02). Compassion fatigue was worse in early career compared to late career (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.02).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Among HCWs caring for patients with long COVID, mean scores for all primary outcomes were worse in HCWs with a personal history of long COVID compared to those without. Early career HCWs caring for this population are less engaged and experience greater compassion fatigue whereas those in middle career experience greater psychological distress.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.13383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T07:59:31Z","timestamp":1744963171000},"page":"1162-1169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Compassion fatigue, work engagement, and psychological distress in health care workers treating patients with long\n COVID<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8417-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Uhlig\u2010Reche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine UT Health San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Summer","family":"Rolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine UT Health San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasika","family":"Karnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section General Internal Medicine University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0964-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Verduzco\u2010Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine UT Health San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Compassion Fatigue. 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