{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:58:58Z","timestamp":1781161138884,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&amp;amp;R"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A systematic scoping review was conducted to examine how rest is operationalized and measured in daily life among adults with and without long\u2010term conditions. Searches were performed in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Psych databases for studies from 1990 to 2024. Two independent reviewers screened and selected eligible studies, which included adults with and without long\u2010term conditions. A content analysis was used to synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence, categorizing rest\u2010related descriptions. Additionally, descriptive and narrative synthesis methods were employed. Of 9393 initial records, 17 studies were included in the review. The findings revealed that rest was operationalized by several key elements, including cessation of activity or engagement in low\u2010energy tasks (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099 studies); detachment from activities (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094 studies); experiences of peace, joy, and tranquility (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095 studies); and time for self\u2010reflection and solitude (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092 studies). The operationalization of rest showed both similarities and differences between adults with and without long\u2010term conditions. Although all groups defined rest in physical, emotional, and social terms, mental rest was more prominently emphasized by adults without long\u2010term conditions. The review also identified the effects of rest, including improvements in well\u2010being and psychological functioning (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094 studies) and enhanced energy levels that facilitated daily activities (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094 studies). However, \u201cexcessive\u201d rest was linked to negative outcomes, such as increased physical symptoms and disability (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093 studies). Notably, only two studies assessed rest measurement tools for adults with long\u2010term conditions. The findings suggest that rest can enhance energy, well\u2010being, and functioning, but excessive rest may worsen physical symptoms and disability. Tailored guidance on optimal rest is essential for maximizing health benefits. The review also highlights the need for further research on comprehensive tools to measure rest.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.70008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T16:55:51Z","timestamp":1757004951000},"page":"332-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How is wakeful rest operationalized and measured in daily life among adults with and without long\u2010term conditions? A systematic scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5045-1104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Ackah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0249-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie L.","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-9259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Deary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne 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