{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:59:38Z","timestamp":1790085578418,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PM&R"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury severely degrades quality of life. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PN\u2010Stim) is cleared by the U.S, Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. This broad indication supports its potential use at the time of peripheral nerve repair in patients reporting neuropathic pain preoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To explore the safety and therapeutic effects of PN\u2010Stim on neuropathic pain in patients with severe peripheral nerve injuries undergoing surgical nerve repair.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We analyzed 16 consecutive patients 18 years and older who received PN\u2010Stim implantation at the time of nerve repair surgery. Patients younger than 18\u2009years of age, pregnant, and those without preoperative pain associated with nerve injury were excluded from our study. The primary outcome was pain score reduction, which was evaluated by Visual Analog Scale. The secondary outcomes included motor functional recovery and opioid usage, which were evaluated by manual muscle testing (MMT) and Morphine Milligram Equivalents quantification, respectively. Statistical analyses used paired two\u2010tailed\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010tests and Wilcoxon sign tests, contingent on data normalcy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Pain scores decreased significantly post\u2010PN\u2010Stim implantation (mean preplacement: 7.35, postplacement: 2.56;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05). MMT scores showed improvement in 13 patients, with 2 achieving the maximum MMT score (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05). Chronic opioid usage was observed to decrease in six of seven patients who were using them (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05). No significant adverse effects were seen after implantation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n In this case series of 16 patients with various peripheral nerve injuries who each underwent peripheral nerve repair surgery and concomitant placement of a temporary peripheral nerve stimulator, there were no adverse effects attributable to the peripheral nerve stimulator.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.70221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:02:07Z","timestamp":1790082127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation as an ancillary treatment following nerve repair surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4246-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyam","family":"Maisuria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine Quinnipiac University North Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4211-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Mondr\u00edguez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"McGaw Medical Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8715-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Texakalidis","family":"Pavlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGaw Medical Center Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3038-7184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin N.","family":"Swong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4546-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin K.","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1215529","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injuries: an international survey of current treatments and future perspectives","volume":"25","author":"Scholz T","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/atn.atn\u2010d\u201024\u201000023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081458","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1081458","article-title":"Electrical stimulation therapy for peripheral nerve injury","volume":"14","author":"Ni L","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2024.7.S115","article-title":"Comprehensive evidence\u2010based guidelines for implantable peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) in the Management of Chronic Pain: from the American Society Of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP)","volume":"27","author":"Manchikanti L","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054540"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2559","article-title":"The effectiveness and risks of long\u2010term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop","volume":"162","author":"Chou R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.048","article-title":"Does short\u2010term intraoperative electrical stimulation enhance nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve repair? A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"105","author":"Koopman JE","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12102","article-title":"Treatment of post\u2010amputation pain with peripheral nerve stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Rauck RL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270892"}],"container-title":["PM&R"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmrj.70221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pmrj.70221","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pmrj.70221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:02:08Z","timestamp":1790082128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pmrj.70221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pmrj.70221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pmrj.70221","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-1482","1934-1563"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-1482","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-1563","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"pmrj.70221"}}