{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:20:44Z","timestamp":1778199644551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32DC000022\u201030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32DC000022\u201030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Paediatric and Neonatal Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Superficial cervical plexus blocks (SCPB) are well documented for anterior and lateral neck surgeries in adults. Their role in the pediatric population is less clear. Our objective was to determine whether superficial cervical plexus blockade reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing otologic surgery. This single\u2010center retrospective cohort study evaluated patients aged 1\u201318\u2009years old undergoing cochlear implantation, tympanomastoidectomy, tympanoplasty, or myringoplasty via a postauricular incision over a 27\u2010month period. Patients undergoing bilateral surgery, concurrent surgery (exclusive of myringotomy or endoscopic otologic procedures), or transcanal\u2010only otologic procedures were excluded. The primary outcome was PONV as measured by antiemetic use or documented nausea or vomiting among patients who received a SCPB compared to patients who did not receive a block. Secondary outcomes included opioid use, length of stay in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and hospital, time to oral intake, postoperative pain scores, and adverse events. Multilinear regression analyzed the effect of independent variables on the primary outcome. Analyses were stratified by surgery type. A total of 237 patients met inclusion criteria; 121 patients (51%) received a SCPB. There was no statistically significant difference in PONV outcomes between the two groups (proportion difference 4.5%, 95% CI \u22127.5% to 16.5%) despite lower intraoperative opioid administration to patients in the SCPB group (intravenous morphine equivalents per kg \u22120.04\u2009mg, 95% CI \u22120.08 to 0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030). Addition of a SCPB did not reduce PONV for pediatric patients undergoing otologic surgery via a postauricular incision. No adverse events were attributed to the block in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pne2.70002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T05:18:21Z","timestamp":1739596701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Retrospective Analysis of Superficial Cervical Plexus Blockade for Children Undergoing Otologic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0164-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nneoma S.","family":"Wamkpah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley B.","family":"Weinhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith E. C.","family":"Lieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob D.","family":"AuBuchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-014-9635-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001204000417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200309000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.1999.2.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01773.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"293","article-title":"The FLACC: A Behavioral Scale for Scoring Postoperative Pain in Young Children","volume":"23","author":"Merkel S. I.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatric Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002372"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2009.05.0068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(99)00104-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000097171.73374.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000797"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2439"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","article-title":"Local Anaesthetics and Regional Anaesthesia Versus Conventional Analgesia for Preventing Persistent Postoperative Pain in Adults and Children","volume":"6","author":"Weinstein E. 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