{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:42:22Z","timestamp":1790664142269,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]],"date-time":"2011-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Polym Sci B Polym Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the dry or frozen states, macromolecules are damaged directly by interactions with ionizing radiation. As \u03b3\u2010rays and high\u2010energy electrons randomly ionize orbital electrons in their path, larger molecules are more likely to suffer an interaction with these radiations. In each interaction, energy is transferred to the struck molecule, resulting in irreversibly broken covalent bonds. There is an extensive literature describing these radiation modifications in both synthetic and biopolymers. Although many different properties are measured, there emerges a similar picture of the nature of radiation damage that is common to all macromolecules. The techniques used in study of one species may be used to resolve questions raised in the other class of macromolecules. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\u2020 J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/polb.22250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]],"date-time":"2011-04-25T14:50:26Z","timestamp":1303743026000},"page":"827-831","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Direct effects of ionizing radiation on macromolecules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Ellis S.","family":"Kempner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4831-9776-0.50014-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","volume-title":"Radiation Chemistry of Polymeric Systems","author":"Chapiro A.","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_2","volume-title":"The Radiation Chemistry of Macromolecules","author":"Dole M.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_2","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Mechanisms in Radiobiology","author":"Hutchinson F.","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/polb.1986.090241015"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.19303970303"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1929.0177"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_2","first-page":"201","volume":"4","author":"Landau L.","year":"1944","journal-title":"J. Phys. USSR VIII"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_2","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Symposium on Radiobiology. The Basic Aspects of Radiation Effects on Living Systems","author":"Fano U.","year":"1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_2","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Dubus A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scanning Microscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2002)158[0657:LEEPRI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.88.1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3571545"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004110050025"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33445-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1955.0199"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-7343-5_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_2","first-page":"144a","volume":"88","author":"Aslantas M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biophy. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(86)90165-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2318(08)60019-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6410"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2008.10.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-806X(96)00079-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2670431"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00247a009"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1998.0604"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(00)76721-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.302"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-5724(83)90201-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpolb.22250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/polb.22250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T08:13:11Z","timestamp":1697443991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/polb.22250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/polb.22250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/polb.22250","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6266","1099-0488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6266","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0488","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,25]]}}}