{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:26:34Z","timestamp":1785295594816,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]],"date-time":"2011-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psycho-Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>: This study examined the psychometric properties of two commonly used measures of psychological distress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES) in a sample of individuals at high risk of developing melanoma due to strong family history.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: One hundred thirty\u2010two individuals with a known family\u2010specific <jats:italic>CDKN2A<\/jats:italic> mutation (74% response rate) completed a mailed, self\u2010administered questionnaire including the HADS and the IES. Initial correlational analyses were followed by both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, according to a predetermined procedure for order of analyses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Exploratory factor analyses found that neither a two\u2010, three\u2010 or four\u2010factor solution satisfactorily accounted for all IES items in the present sample. By contrast, a unidimensional account of the data emerged to best account for all IES items, leaving no items unaccounted for. In contrast, the traditional two\u2010factor (anxiety and depression) structure of the HADS appeared to fit the data well.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The traditional, two\u2010factor (intrusion and avoidance) structure of the IES was not borne out within this familial melanoma cohort. Assessment of a single dimension of emotional distress in response to melanoma risk may facilitate more meaningful explorations of psychological adjustment in this context. These findings also raise questions about whether a post\u2010traumatic stress framework is indeed the most appropriate framework to capture the unique nature of melanoma\u2010 or cancer\u2010related distress. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T12:02:19Z","timestamp":1306324939000},"page":"845-856","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The nature and structure of psychological distress in people at high risk for melanoma: a factor analytic study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nadine A.","family":"Kasparian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Sansom\u2010Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roderick P.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Meiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis N.","family":"Butow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham J.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Stastical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(94)00098-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.45.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1611(199911\/12)8:6<521::AID-PON423>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007777032063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3181993175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2007.00949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.12.894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/84.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135910700168739"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/073993300300340529"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","first-page":"171","article-title":"Younger women at increased risk for breast cancer: perceived risk, psychological well\u2010being, and surveillance behavior","author":"Lerman C","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nat Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.2960040207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.13.1074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.15.2.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.3.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/154099903322447738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.16.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1611(1998090)7:5<402::AID-PON317>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","volume-title":"Health Measurement Scales","author":"Streiner D","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(01)00118-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0b013e31818d8963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-0494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199908)25:4<339::AID-GCC5>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.12.894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.1990.9934587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(05)80015-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00296-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","unstructured":"McDonaldRP FraserC.COFA87: common factor analysis. Unpublished program available from the authors.1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1201_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","unstructured":"McDonaldRP FraserC.CONFA: confirmatory factor analysis. Unpublished program available from the authors.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Testing Structural Equation Models","author":"Browne M","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","volume-title":"Essentials of Psychological Testing","author":"Cronbach L","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","article-title":"When the risks are high: psychological experiences and unmet needs of melanoma survivors at high risk of developing new primary disease","author":"McLoone J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Qual Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.50.3.407","article-title":"Impact of Event Scale: a cross\u2010sectional validation study and some empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of stress response syndromes","volume":"50","author":"Zilberg N","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02895167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:FAME.0000026820.32469.4a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490040205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018748712987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007762812848"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.55.2.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(92)90240-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(95)00124-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1993.tb01063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(94)90210-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8287.1996.tb00493.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_2","first-page":"399","volume-title":"Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD","author":"Weathers F","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(99)71241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20374"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.2.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447703700403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_2","volume-title":"Understanding Post\u2010Traumatic Stress: A psychosocial perspective on PTSD and treatment","author":"Joseph S","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.4.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_2","volume-title":"Cognition and Emotion: From Order to Disorder","author":"Power M","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(98)71356-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-5-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.74.5.787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1611(199706)6:2<95::AID-PON250>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-198106000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1990.tb00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1988.tb00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00216-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb10164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.158.2.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa7103_5","article-title":"Evaluating anxiety and depression in HIV\u2010infected patients","volume":"71","author":"Savard J","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711200160255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(97)00058-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09515079608258708"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690420"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005200050241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00435223"}],"container-title":["Psycho-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpon.1976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpon.1976","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pon.1976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T16:59:46Z","timestamp":1697475586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pon.1976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pon.1976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.1976","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1057-9249","1099-1611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-9249","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,24]]}}}