{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:32:36Z","timestamp":1767652356532},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,2]],"date-time":"2012-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psycho-Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of the present study were as follows: (i) to clarify the proportion of women who experience psychological distress during breast cancer diagnosis and (ii) to identify the predictors of psychological distress related to the diagnostic process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a longitudinal prospective study of women who required further breast examination. Questionnaires were administered at pre\u2010medical consultations (Time 1), after describing radiological examination (Time 2), and after explaining pathological findings (Time 3). All participants completed Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy\u2014Breast, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy\u2014Spiritual subscale at Time 1 to identify predictors. Participants also completed HADS at Times 2 and 3 to identify the presence or absence of psychological distress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 222 eligible patients, at Time 2, 31 (22.6%) participants with no clinical abnormalities and 39 (45.9%) participants with abnormal findings had HADS scores of \u226511 points (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test, 13.14; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). At Time 3, 14 (28.0%) participants with benign breast changes and 24 (68.6%) participants with breast cancer had scores of \u226511 (<jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test, 13.71; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Higher HADS scores at Time 1 were associated with the presence of psychological distress at all stages of breast cancer diagnosis. Advanced tumor stage was a predictor of psychological distress for participants with breast cancer (odds ratios\u2009=\u20093.314, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20091.033\u20139.509; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that intensive psychological intervention is necessary for breast cancer patients with large tumors, as well as for women with suspected breast cancer with high HADS scores at pre\u2010consultation. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,3]],"date-time":"2012-01-03T04:56:21Z","timestamp":1325566581000},"page":"523-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Predictive factors for psychological distress related to diagnosis of breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tsuguo","family":"Iwatani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Division of Liaison Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery Toranomon Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery Toranomon Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daishu","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery Toranomon Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eisuke","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section Division of Liaison Psychiatry and Palliative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Center for Cancer Control and Information Services: Cancer statistics in Japan Number of Incidence by Cancer Site (2004\/2005).2011.http:\/\/ganjoho.jp\/data\/public\/statistics\/backnumber\/2010\/files\/fig04.pdf. 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