{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:54:22Z","timestamp":1789606462435,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C19847\/A11900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C19847\/A11900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psycho-Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Earlier diagnosis of cancer has become a policy priority. There is evidence that minority ethnic groups are more likely to delay help\u2010seeking for cancer symptoms, but few studies have explored reasons for delay in these groups. The present study explored facilitators and barriers to help\u2010seeking for breast and cervical cancer in an ethnically diverse sample of women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semi\u2010structured interviews were carried out with 54 healthy women from a range of ethnic backgrounds; Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Caribbean, African, Black British, Black other, White British and White other. Framework analysis was used to identify themes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Appraising a symptom as possibly due to cancer was an important facilitator of help\u2010seeking, although for some the prospect of a cancer diagnosis was a deterrent. Women believed that earlier diagnosis improved the chance of survival, and this facilitated prompt help\u2010seeking. A sympathetic GP facilitated help\u2010seeking, and an unsympathetic GP was a deterrent. Some ethnic minority women described the use of alternative medicine and prayer as a first\u2010line strategy that might delay help\u2010seeking. Language barriers, racism and a tendency to \u2018soldier on\u2019 were also mentioned by these women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Models of delay in presentation for early cancer symptoms are likely to transfer across different ethnic groups. Encouraging open discussion about cancer among minority communities could help raise awareness about the importance of early detection and promote help\u2010seeking as a priority response to a possible cancer symptom. \u00a9 2013 The Authors.\n                      <jats:italic>Psycho\u2010Oncology<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T02:48:40Z","timestamp":1387421320000},"page":"749-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Facilitators and barriers to help\u2010seeking for breast and cervical cancer symptoms: a qualitative study with an ethnically diverse sample in London"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Laura A. V.","family":"Marlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health UCL  Gower Street London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley M.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health UCL  Gower Street London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Y.","family":"Nazroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCSR, School of Social Sciences University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Wardle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health UCL  Gower Street London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044\u20108287.2012.02077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6690137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(99)02143\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11226"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(03)90115-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605382"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(99)02142\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605398"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32832948b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22836"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(05)67030\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics.Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales 2011. 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