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When rehabilitation interventions require a change in behaviour, the use of theory and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) enhance participation. Our objective was to systematically identify BCTs and examine their use in relation to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation\u2010Behaviour model and known enablers and barriers to engagement in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bibliographic databases and grey literature were searched for controlled trials of rehabilitation interventions for adults with lung cancer or mesothelioma, with no limits on language or date. Data on the application of behavioural change theory and BCTs were extracted, categorised using the BCT Taxonomy (v1) and described according to the \u201cCapability, Opportunity, Motivation\u2010Behaviour\u201d model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven studies of exercise (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) and symptom self\u2010management (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012) interventions were identified. Four studies reported use of behavioural change theory; one study used symptom theory. Across studies, a mean (range) of 7 (1\u201018) BCTs were used, representing 26 of 93 possible BCTs included in the taxonomy. Most frequent enabling BCTs were \u201cinstructions on how to perform behaviours\u201d (74%), \u201cbehavioural practice\u201d (74%), and \u201caction planning\u201d (70%). BCTs to address barriers were less frequent and included \u201cinformation about health consequences\u201d (22%) and \u201cverbal persuasion about capability\u201d (7%) to change perceptions about benefits, burden, and harms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The application of behavioural change tools appears sub\u2010optimal in this group of patients. Explicit use of BCTs targeting behavioural components upon which outcomes depend may improve the uptake and effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,24]],"date-time":"2018-02-24T09:46:36Z","timestamp":1519465596000},"page":"1675-1694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Changing health behaviour with rehabilitation in thoracic cancer: A systematic review and synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9478-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Bayly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilay","family":"Hepgul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Wilcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene J.","family":"Higginson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Maddocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2016.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860701654333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2016.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation.The International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health: ICF. 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