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For each exposed child, we randomly selected 10 unexposed children from the general population after individual matching by year of birth and sex. The matched cohort was followed during 2001 to 2010. Clinical diagnoses of psychiatric disorders and use of prescribed psychiatric medications were identified for all children. Cox regression and logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations of parental cancer with psychiatric disorder diagnosis and psychiatric medication use, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parental cancer during pregnancy was not associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders overall, although paternal cancer during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of psychiatric medication use among females. Parental cancer after birth was associated with higher risks of psychiatric disorder diagnoses, particularly stress reaction and adjustment disorders (males: hazard ratio [HR]: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08\u20101.43; females: HR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.14\u20101.41), and use of psychiatric medication (males: odds ratio [OR]: 1.09, 95% CI, 1.04\u20101.13; females: OR: 1.14, 95% CI, 1.10\u20101.18). The positive associations were stronger for parental cancer with poor expected survival and for parental death after cancer diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parental cancer, primarily the life\u2010threatening cancer, might confer a higher risk of psychiatric disorders among children. These findings have potential implications for health care professionals in providing targeted support to children living with a parent with cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T02:20:33Z","timestamp":1523931633000},"page":"1854-1860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Psychiatric disorders among children of parents with cancer: <scp>A S<\/scp>wedish register\u2010based matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4911-3543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruoqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Regod\u00f3n Wallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Nor\u00e9n Selinus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvid","family":"Sj\u00f6lander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Unnur","family":"Valdimarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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