{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:41:28Z","timestamp":1783636888388,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psycho-Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lung cancer in never\u2010smokers represents a growing proportion of patients. The relationship between smoking status, symptom appraisal and help\u2010seeking behaviour is complex. Little is known about cancer symptom\u2010related health behaviours according to smoking status. The aim of the study was to explore lung cancer patients' experiences of a lung cancer diagnosis, identifying differences by smoking history.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a qualitative study involving telephone interviews with 40 lung cancer patients (20 never smokers, 11 former smokers and 9 current smokers). We used framework analysis to analyse the data using the Common Sense Model of Illness Self\u2010Regulation as a theoretical framework, developed after initial analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients were likely to delay seeking help for symptoms in primary care regardless of smoking history, but for different reasons. Smoking history was instrumental to how individuals perceived and responded to early symptoms of lung cancer. Differences in interpretation and coping responses to new symptoms seemed to be caused by the higher presence of comorbidities due to smoking, and perceptions of the current state of health. Individuals with a smoking history reported acting with urgency in seeking help and follow up, whereas patients who experienced low levels of concern were more easily reassured by clinicians, resulting in delays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Never and former smokers perceive, interpret, and respond to symptoms of lung cancer differently to smokers. However, few people attribute their lung symptoms to cancer initially, even with a smoking history. Interventions that drive increased urgency and vigilance in never smokers may be effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.6041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T05:34:31Z","timestamp":1663824871000},"page":"2094-2103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["What are the similarities and differences in lung cancer symptom appraisal and help\u2010seeking according to smoking status? A qualitative study with lung cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2676-5071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia B.","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Research University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Prevention Detection and Diagnosis Wolfson Institute of Population Health Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8998-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"van Os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Research University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0947-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katriina L.","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of Surrey  Guildford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gill S.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4918-6382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Quaife","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Prevention Detection and Diagnosis Wolfson Institute of Population Health Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076819843654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2006.06.8015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187\u2010011\u20100247\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1463423615000043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102018\u2010023934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885\u2010018\u20104430\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010016\u20103051\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl\u20102011\u2010200898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl\u20102015\u2010208063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/14.onf.e203\u2010e210"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571\u2010019\u20100249\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(05)67030\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp\u20102014\u2010000067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp13x660760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102018\u2010025895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The common sense model of illness self\u2010regulation: a conceptual review and proposed extended model","author":"Hagger MS","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02090456"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102018\u2010025902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"COVID\u201019 Matters 2022.https:\/\/www.uklcc.org.uk\/our\u2010reports\/october\u20102020\/covid\u201019\u2010matters"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416\u2010021\u201001666\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp.2021.0719"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs\u20102021\u2010014529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp19x706565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp18x696233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.13195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875\u2010022\u201001791\u2010y"}],"container-title":["Psycho-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pon.6041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pon.6041","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pon.6041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T13:38:14Z","timestamp":1692625094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pon.6041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pon.6041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pon.6041","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1057-9249","1099-1611"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1057-9249","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1611","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}