{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:21:36Z","timestamp":1792167696223,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]],"date-time":"2002-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1011052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum KL\u20106 reflects alveolar damage and regeneration of type II pneumocytes, indicating disease activity in various interstitial lung diseases. We conducted a descriptive and observational multiple case\u2010control study to determine the distribution of serum KL\u20106 levels in pediatric patients with or without respiratory diseases. Subjects were recruited from the patients of a teaching hospital in the suburb of Tokyo. A consecutive series of 401 children (0\u201316 years old) underwent blood sampling for many clinical reasons. They comprised the following four groups: pneumonia (n\u2009=\u200996), bronchial asthma (n\u2009=\u2009101), measles (n\u2009=\u2009102), and nonrespiratory diseases (n\u2009=\u2009102) as a control group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Standard upper limits of serum KL\u20106 in a group of children with nonrespiratory disease were 250 U\/mL, or half the adult level. No gender or age differences were observed. Elevated serum KL\u20106 concentrations were observed in severe pneumonia, acute exacerbations of asthma, and measles pneumonia. In the measles group, KL\u20106 values reflected the presence and severity of complicating pneumonia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We conclude that serum KL\u20106 levels exceeding 250 U\/mL were rarely observed in children without respiratory diseases. In contrast, a substantial proportion of children with common respiratory diseases showed mild to moderate increases in serum KL\u20106 levels. Elevated serum KL\u20106 in these children may reflect the presence of alveolar damage, followed by regeneration of type II pneumocytes. However, in order to use serum KL\u20106 as a marker of interstitial lung diseases in children, a cutoff level should be determined separately. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:135\u2013141.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T16:33:59Z","timestamp":1030293239000},"page":"135-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Serum KL\u20106 levels in pediatric patients: Reference values for children and levels in pneumonia, asthma, and measles patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Takehide","family":"Imai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Takase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiyo","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Kougo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Detection of soluble tumor\u2010associated antigens in sera and effusion using novel monoclonal antibodies, KL\u20103 and KL\u20106, against lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Kohno N","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin 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KL\u20106 antigens, a new marker for interstitial pneumonia","volume":"44","author":"Kobayashi J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.2.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.5.9803115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"72","article-title":"Serum KL\u20106 is a useful serum marker in the long term follow\u2010up of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients","volume":"157","author":"Kobayashi J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care 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