{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:32:12Z","timestamp":1791135132846,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The correlation between digital clubbing and certain pulmonary function derangements (hypoxemia and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) was previously described. However, the relationship between digital clubbing and other measures of pulmonary function or the presence of liver disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is poorly defined. Hence we compared the digital clubbing index (CI: ratio of distal phalangeal depth to interphalangeal depth) of 100 patients with CF (43 males, 57 females; mean age, 15.7\u2009\u00b1\u20097.3 years) with that of 100 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy controls. Digital clubbing was defined as a CI\u2009\u2265\u20091.00 (mean +\u20092.6 SD; 99% of normal subjects). The CI and its relationship to pulmonary function and to liver disease was then evaluated in the CF patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Digital clubbing was present in 75\/100 (75%) of CF patients but was absent in all controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). In CF patients, CI was inversely correlated with PaO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.555; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.499; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375%<\/jats:sub> (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.404; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and was positively correlated with RV (r\u2009=\u20090.285; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and the slope of phase 3 of single\u2010breath nitrogen washout (SP3N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) (r\u2009=\u20090.532; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). There was no significant correlation between CI and age (r\u2009=\u20090.020; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.84), TLC (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.097; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.34), PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (r\u2009=\u20090.167; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.10), or history of liver disease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08).<\/jats:p><jats:p>We conclude that in CF, the degree of digital clubbing is related to degree of hypoxemia, airways obstruction, hyperinflation, and nonuniformity of ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:332\u2013338. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T23:44:07Z","timestamp":1030319047000},"page":"332-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Correlation between digital clubbing and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Craig T.","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladys Y.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Y.","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Keens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Witmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Bautista\u2010Bolduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlyn S.","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(21)01023-6","article-title":"Clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy","volume":"8","author":"Hansen\u2010Flaschen J","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Lung diseases associated with digital clubbing","volume":"10","author":"Dickinson CJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-83-11-641"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950100106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.6.576"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30887-8","article-title":"Clubbing and koilonychia","volume":"3","author":"Stone OJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Quantitation of digital clubbing in children","volume":"104","author":"Waring WW","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Pulmonary function testing: indications and interpretations","author":"Platzker ACG","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)90962-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"202","volume-title":"Pulmonary function testing in children: techniques and standards","author":"Polgar G","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199406000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"575","article-title":"Objective assessment of minimal digital clubbing in asthmatic children","volume":"30","author":"Sly RM","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770908109118313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950160605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Clubbing of the digits: physiological considerations","volume":"58","author":"Bashour FA","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.18.3.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"639","article-title":"Relationships among digital clubbing, disease severity, and serum prostaglandins F2a and E concentrations in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"117","author":"Lemen RJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91132-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34306-0","article-title":"Platelet\u2010derived growth factor. 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