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We report the first case of recurrent pneumothoraces associated with nocturnal bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation via a nasal mask.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A 26\u2010year old man with chronic respiratory failure secondary to an unclassified neuromuscular condition suffered four separate episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax over a 12\u2010month period. Two episodes occurred while he was asleep on bilevel positive airway pressure support. He was found to have numerous subpleural blebs, and we propose a mechanism for their development. Following open pleurodesis and blebectomy, the patient has not had another pneumothorax.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Given the increasing utilization of chronic nocturnal bilevel positive airway pressure ventilation, we suggest that healthcare providers and patients be made aware of this potentially life\u2010threatening complication. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:73\u201378. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T11:25:39Z","timestamp":1033903539000},"page":"73-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Recurrent pneumothoraces associated with nocturnal noninvasive ventilation in a patient with muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Lee R.","family":"Choo\u2010Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Folasade O.","family":"Ogunlesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon A.","family":"McGrath\u2010Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas 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