{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T22:27:18Z","timestamp":1787351238840,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,11]],"date-time":"2003-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1071100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the prevalence and reversibility of lower airway obstruction (LAO) and its correlation with pulmonary artery pressure in children with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). The analysis was performed retrospectively in a cohort of children with PPH between 5\u201318 years of age. PPH was defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAPm) &gt;25 mmHg at rest, or &gt;30 mmHg during exercise, with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in the absence of other causes. Lower airway function was assessed by spirometry and maximal expiratory flow\u2010volume curves. Lung volumes were measured by body plethysmography. Patients were assigned according to their pattern of lung function into \u201cnormal,\u201d \u201cobstructive,\u201d and \u201crestrictive\u201d groups. The reversibility of LAO was defined as an increase of \u226515% from baseline in forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and\/or \u226520% in forced expiratory flow at 25\u201375% of forced vital capacity (FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375%<\/jats:sub>) in response to nebulized albuterol. An \u201cobstructive\u201d pattern was found in 23 children (59%), a \u201crestrictive\u201d pattern in 2 children (5%), and a \u201cnormal\u201d pattern in 14 children (36%). Response to bronchodilator was documented in 78% of children with an \u201cobstructive\u201d pattern and in 22% of those with a \u201cnormal\u201d pattern. The PAPm showed a significant positive correlation with the TLC, RV, and RV\/TLC, but a negative one with the ratio FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC. Our findings suggest that reversible LAO is the most common lung function abnormality among pediatric patients with PPH. Whether airway reactivity is a cause of or the result of PPH remains to be determined. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 37:50\u201355. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,12]],"date-time":"2003-12-12T09:00:30Z","timestamp":1071219630000},"page":"50-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Lower airway obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and primary pulmonary hypertension in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Deepa","family":"Rastogi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pakkay","family":"Ngai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn J.","family":"Barst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastassios C.","family":"Koumbourlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-5-343"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.1.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.5.732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.128.1.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.2.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00391-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289903800104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.6.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(78)90063-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"879","article-title":"Standards of pulmonary function in children","volume":"99","author":"Weng TR","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.5.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Pulmonary function testing: guidelines and controversies","author":"Ries AL","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.02572001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950160105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"268","article-title":"Insensitivity of peak expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume in one second in detecting airflow obstruction in children with asthma [abstract]","volume":"147","author":"Montalvo\u2010Stanton E","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.111824"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"898","article-title":"Airway responsiveness in a population sample of adults and children","volume":"129","author":"Weiss ST","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80627-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.2.561","article-title":"Ventilatory dysfunction precedes pulmonary vascular changes in monocrotaline treated rats","volume":"70","author":"Lai YL","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.5.1562"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.0890"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.10363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.10363","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T10:34:32Z","timestamp":1700217272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.10363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.10363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.10363","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,11]]}}}