{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:54:36Z","timestamp":1786978476087,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7402,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To investigate the effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of children, a subject of some controversy, a comparative study was undertaken of 2,385 school children who lived in central urban, peripheral urban, and suburban areas. Daily monitoring of sulphur dioxide and total suspended particle concentrations in all areas showed that pollutant concentrations in central and peripheral urban areas were above commonly accepted safety levels for respiratory health, while concentrations in the suburban area were within acceptable limits. A questionnaire administered to each mother assessed environmental exposure to pollutants in the household, the occurrence of respiratory symptoms as well as lung diseases as diagnosed by a physician, and general information. Children were interviewed about smoking habits and any acute respiratory symptoms. Children also performed standard lung function tests. Results showed that children from both urban areas had lessened pulmonary function and a higher prevalence of bronchial secretion with common colds than did those from the suburban area. These differences persisted after corrections for exposure to indoor pollutants, active or passive smoking, socieconomic status, and sex. Parental cigarette smoking was related to a fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and an increased incidence of acute respiratory illnesses and chronic cough in children. Although boys had higher lung volumes and lower air flow, regression analysis showed no significant influence of the interactions \u201csexgeographic area\u201d and \u201csex\u2010smoking\u201d on lung function. It was concluded that air pollution has a significant effect on the respiratory health of children. (Key words: active and passive smoking; respiratory health of children; sulphur dioxide; total suspended particle conc.;\nurban vs suburban air pollution.)\n                    <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol 1985; 1:262\u2010266.<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950010508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T06:46:36Z","timestamp":1173163596000},"page":"262-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of children: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Spinaci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Arossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bugiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"de Candussio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1973.10666339"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1981.10667612"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Patterns of respiratory illness in Sheffield infant schoolchildren","volume":"21","author":"Lunn JE","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Pollution atmospherique et affections respiratoires chroniques ou a repetition. 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New York:1959; passim."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"192","volume-title":"The analysis of case control studies","author":"Breslow NE","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Air quality criteria and guides for urban air pollutants. Report of a WHO expert committee. Geneva: WHO Technical Report Series No 506;1972."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"264","article-title":"Association between housing conditions, smoking habits and ventilatory lung function in men with clean jobs","volume":"59","author":"Rasmussen FV","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/11.2.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"479","article-title":"Indoor environmental determinants of lung function in children","volume":"123","author":"Hasselblad V","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","first-page":"366","article-title":"Passive smoking, gas cooking and respiratory health of children living in six cities","volume":"129","author":"Ware JH","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1980.122.5.697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.128.3.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"640","article-title":"Different mechanical properties of the lung in boys and girls","volume":"123","author":"Taussig LM","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1978.118.4.667","article-title":"Pulmonary function in young smokers: male\u2010female differences","volume":"118","author":"Enjety S","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"Respiratory effects of household exposure to tobacco smoke and gas cooking","volume":"124","author":"Comstock GW","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.1950010508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.1950010508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T20:30:05Z","timestamp":1697833805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.1950010508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.1950010508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.1950010508","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,9]]}}}