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Such evidence indicated by antibody or antigen assays was found in 40 patients (21%). <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was identified in 25 cases; antigenemia was found in 10, antigenuria in 2 and seroconversion in 14 cases. Seroconversion to nontypable <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> was found in 9 and to <jats:italic>Branhamella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic> in 2 cases. Seroconversion to <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> spp. was demonstrated in 8 patients, but specific tests for <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> were negative. C\u2010reactive protein was over 40 mg\/L in 35 patients (19%); serological evidence of bacterial infection was present in 14 and absent in 21 of them. Thus, either serological evidence of bacterial infection or an elevated C\u2010reactive protein was found in 61 of the 188 cases (32%). We conclude that bacterial infection is commonly associated with acute wheezing in children under school age. We suggest that bacterial, as well as viral, infections may trigger an acute obstructive attack in children with reactive airways. Pediatr Pulmonol 1991; 10:254\u2013259.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950100406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T15:36:38Z","timestamp":1173195398000},"page":"254-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bacterial infection in under school age children with expiratory difficulty"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Matti","family":"Korppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maija","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Koskela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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