{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:36:27Z","timestamp":1778081787729,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]],"date-time":"2005-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3826,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin A (retinol) plays an important role in immunity. Respiratory and enteral infections in children are associated with low serum vitamin A concentrations that improve during recovery. To test the hypothesis that airway infection in very\u2010low\u2010birth\u2010weight (VLBW) neonates likewise may be associated with a change in vitamin A status, we examined 20 VLBW neonates (selection criteria: birth weight 700\u20131300 g, gestational age 26\u201330 weeks, need for supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation for &gt;72 hr after birth) who were enrolled in the control group of a randomized clinical trial of vitamin A supplementation reported earlier. We studied changes in weekly measurements of plasma concentrations of vitamin A and retinol\u2010binding protein (RBP) during 4 weeks following enrollment in the trial (postnatal day 4) and compared changes between periods with and without airway infections. Seventeen infants had 22 episodes of documented airway infection. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> was the predominant organism. Plasma vitamin A concentrations decreased during 19 out of 22. With airway infection (mean change: \u22124.1 to \u221218.6 \u03bcg\/dL), while they increased during 37 out of 58 periods without airway infection (mean change: \u22120.2 to +5.8 \u03bcg\/dl; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). The mean (\u00b1SD) plasma vitamin A concentrations before, during, 1 week after, and 2 weeks after an episode of airway infection were 20.9 \u00b1 8.3, 9.7 \u00b1 4.1,12.8 \u00b1 8.9, and 16.2 \u00b1 7.2 \u03bcg\/dL, respectively. The mean value during airway infection was significantly lower than those before and two weeks after airway infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). All of the individual plasma vitamin A concentrations during airway infection were low (&lt;20.0 \u03bcg\/dL). Airway infection had no significant effect on plasma RBP concentrations. We conclude that airway infection in mechanically ventilated VLBW neonates is associated with low plasma vitamin A concentrations that improve during recovery. We speculate that the depletion of marginal liver stores of vitamin A from its increased tissue utilization during airway infection may account for this change in the vitamin A status. Further studies are needed to establish the cause and effect relationship between vitamin A deficiency and airway infection in these infants. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950190503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T20:07:05Z","timestamp":1173211625000},"page":"256-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vitamin A status and airway infection in mechanically ventilated very\u2010low\u2010birth\u2010weight neonates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jayant P.","family":"Shenai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Chytil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mildred T.","family":"Stahlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"521","volume-title":"The Retinoids: Biology, Chemistry and Medicine","author":"Ross AC","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.5.1090","article-title":"Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency","volume":"40","author":"Sommer A","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007193230304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.6.1176"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/22.8.1106","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis A and epidemiology of 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