{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T19:05:54Z","timestamp":1774119954818,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]],"date-time":"2005-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1129852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3734,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peripheral chemoreceptors may be immature in neonatal animals, exhibiting maturational changes in the perinatal period. Even though methylxanthines are respiratory stimulants, many premature neonates do not respond to them. Thus, we hypothesized that carotid body activity is necessary for aminophylline to reverse hypoxia\u2010induced respiratory depression. We exposed 16 anesthetized newborn piglets (age 2\u20107 days) to hypoxia (inhalation of 12% oxygen) for 5 min. Aminophylline (15 mg\/kg iv) was administered either prior to (11 piglets) or following (5 piglets) carotid body denervation (CBD). Before CBD, hypoxia elicited transient initial increases in tidal volume (from 79 \u00b1 4 to 99 \u00b1 1% of maximum, mean \u00b1 SE), minute ventilation (from 64 \u00b1 5 to 93 \u00b1 4%), and peak phrenic electroneurogram (from 63 \u00b1 8 to 91 \u00b1 6%, all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). This was followed by a decrease in tidal volume, minute ventilation and phrenic electroneurogram (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Prior to CBD, aminophylline pretreatment prevented the decrease in all the measures of respiratory output during late hypoxia. After CBD, hypoxia induced an initial and sustained depression of ventilation (tidal volume from 100 to 33 \u00b1 14%; frequency from 94 \u00b1 4 to 42 \u00b1 17%; minute ventilation from 100 to 32 \u00b1 14%, all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05)and phrenic electroneurogram (peak phrenic from 100 to 47 \u00b1 18%; minute phrenic from 85 \u00b1 6 to 55 \u00b1 21%, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Administration of aminophylline after CBD did not prevent the profound respiratory depression elicited by hypoxia in the chemodenervated piglets. We conclude that aminophylline prevents respiratory depression during late hypoxia, however, in the absence of afferent input generated by the carotid bodies, aminophylline does not reverse respiratory depression induced by hypoxia in anesthetized newborn piglets. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:94\u2013100<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 1995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950200208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]],"date-time":"2007-03-06T20:49:37Z","timestamp":1173214177000},"page":"94-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Carotid bodies and ventilatory response to hypoxia in aminophylline\u2010treated piglets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Cattarossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Besa","family":"Haxhiu\u2010Poskurica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musa A.","family":"Haxhiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ita","family":"Litmanovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waldemar A.","family":"Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)33965-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(88)90112-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.46.030184.003213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198404000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198507000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950030213"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.2.541","article-title":"Roles of adenosine in hypoxic ventilatory depression","volume":"67","author":"Runold M","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.2.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.2.410","article-title":"Metabolic and cardiorespiratory effects of doxapram and theophylline in sleeping newborn piglets","volume":"72","author":"Cote A","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.5.1837","article-title":"Effects of aminophylline on hypoxemiainduced ventilatory depression in the cat","volume":"64","author":"Javaheri S","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.1.133","article-title":"Abolition of ventilatory response to caffeine in chemodenervated lambs","volume":"61","author":"Blanchard PW","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015229"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(87)80020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(92)90058-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"2383","article-title":"Postnatal maturation of carotid chemoreceptor responses to 02 and CO2 in the cat","volume":"756","author":"Carroll JL","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199210000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"A194","article-title":"The control and spinal effects of sodium cyanide on respiratory activity","volume":"143","author":"Haxhiu MA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(89)90140-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(93)90108-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(88)90024-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(87)90087-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(85)90043-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.2.590","article-title":"Hazhizume 1. 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