{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:07:31Z","timestamp":1760980051704},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]],"date-time":"2005-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>For airway obstruction caused by subglottic hemangiomas, tracheostomy is still regarded by some as the only established therapy, despite numerous other therapeutic options. Resection with lasers was also reported, but subglottic scar formation may occur, and different laser types may have advantages over others. The charts of 46 consecutive patients over 26 years were reviewed. Until 1986, therapy involved systemic steroids or tracheostomy. Thereafter, a Neodym\u2010Yag and after 1995 a CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser was used. Mean initial stenosis was 61.0% in the first (n\u2009=\u200915), 85.8% in the Neodym\u2010Yag (n\u2009=\u200914), and 86.7% in the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> period (n\u2009=\u200917). Tracheostomy rates could be reduced from 76.9% to 46.9% with the Neodym\u2010Yag and to 30.8% with the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser, and to 22.2% in children not intubated before referral. One tracheostomy obstruction resulted in severe neurological damage; granulomas required resection in 37.5%. Secondary subglottic stenosis was found in 15.4% with the Neodym\u2010Yag, but not with the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser. With tracheostomy, 12.5% were symptom\u2010free at age 2\u20133 years, vs. 25.0% in the Neodym\u2010Yag and 41.6% in the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser period. Speech development was delayed in 75.0% with tracheostomy, and parental anxiety lessened in only 18.8% before the second birthday (68.8% without tracheostomy). Since the end of the retrospective analysis, we treated a further 21 patients (mean stenosis, 83.3%) with the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser, with only one tracheostomy (4.8%). Compared to steroids and tracheostomy, a significant reduction in morbidity and speech developmental delay, and an improved quality of life, were achieved with CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> laser resection, and this approach was superior to the Neodym\u2010Yag laser. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 39:233\u2013237. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,6]],"date-time":"2005-01-06T00:17:54Z","timestamp":1104970674000},"page":"233-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Subglottic hemangioma: A comparison of CO<sub>2<\/sub> laser, Neodym\u2010Yag laser, and tracheostomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cordula","family":"Fischer\u2010Truestedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Grantzow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907153410307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Subglottic haemangioma treated with interferon alpha 2A","volume":"56","author":"Kontzoglou G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(84)80251-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(90)90220-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1998)23:4<221::AID-LSM5>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"243","article-title":"Le laser CO2 en laryngologie infantile","volume":"113","author":"Nicollas R","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"206","article-title":"The carbon dioxide laser in tracheobronchial diseases in children. 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