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The primary aim of this study was to assess SP expression (mRNA and protein) in the left and right lungs of fetal sheep with and without a diaphragmatic hernia (DH). Left\u2010sided DH was created in four fetal sheep at 65 days of gestational age (g.a.). Sham\u2010operated animals were used as controls. At 138 days g.a., lungs were harvested and the following parameters were measured: SP\u2010A, \u2010B, and \u2010C mRNA expression (Northern blot), SP\u2010A and \u2010B expression (Western blot), and AE2 cell density (immunohistochemistry). The lung weight\u2010to\u2010body weight ratio was reduced by 42% in DH animals. The left\u2010to\u2010right lung weight ratio was lower in DH animals (0.47\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03 vs. 0.69\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03), indicative of asymmetric lung growth. SP\u2010A, \u2010B, and \u2010C mRNA expression were increased by 61.7%, 32.9%, and 75.5%, respectively, in the left lungs of DH animals. SP\u2010A and SP\u2010B were also increased in DH. In the right lung, SP expression (mRNA and protein) was not different between groups. AE2 cell density was higher (by 67%) in the left but not right lungs of DH animals. Although DH in fetal sheep results in significant lung hypoplasia, SP expression is not reduced. On the contrary, SP expression was increased in the ipsilateral lung of fetuses with left\u2010sided DH. Furthermore, AE2 cell density is increased in DH, suggesting that the increase in SP mRNA and protein levels is due to increases AE2 cell number. Our data further support the premise that fetal lung hypoplasia favors an AE2 phenotype. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005; 39:359\u2013367. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,9]],"date-time":"2005-02-09T20:18:19Z","timestamp":1107980299000},"page":"359-367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Surfactant protein expression is increased in the ipsilateral but not contralateral lungs of fetal sheep with left\u2010sided diaphragmatic hernia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Marcus G.","family":"Davey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Marc","family":"Biard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Danzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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