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Between September 1999 and March 2002, a cohort of 141 neonates with a gestational age &lt;31 weeks requiring ventilation directly after birth, were followed prospectively. All were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Antwerp, Belgium. A tracheal aspirate (TA) sample was collected soon after birth and was processed for microbiological examination, leukocyte count, and cytokine analysis (interleukines [IL] IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, CXCL8 (formerly called IL\u20108), IL\u201010, IL\u201012p70 and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF\u2010\u03b1]). Together with the prospectively registered patient's comorbidities and severity of disease, these inflammatory parameters were analyzed in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model with time of extubation and duration of oxygen therapy as main outcome measures. Of the 141 patients included, 31 (22%) died before discharge from the unit and 37 (26%) had a positive TA culture. Independent predictors of duration of mechanical ventilation were: gestational age &lt;28 weeks, degree of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) at birth, significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the SNAP\u2010score, and high levels of CXCL8 (&gt;4,153 pg\/ml) in TA only in neonates with a gestational age &lt;28 weeks. Variables associated with extended duration of oxygen therapy were gestational age &lt;28 weeks, birth weight &lt;1,000 g, degree of RDS at birth, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:193\u2013203. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,20]],"date-time":"2007-01-20T00:12:45Z","timestamp":1169251965000},"page":"193-203","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["High levels of CXCL8 in tracheal aspirate samples taken at birth are associated with adverse respiratory outcome only in preterm infants younger than 28 weeks gestation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jozef","family":"De Dooy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Ieven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"De 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