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Foundations for this \u201cNew\u201d BPD may be derived from pro\u2010inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u03b1). The hypothesis of the current study is that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the pro\u2010inflammatory TNF\u03b1 gene place preterm infants at increased risk for BPD. Preterm infants (105 in number) with birthweights \u22641 kg, who survived to at least 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) or discharge were enrolled into this study. They were stratified for BPD according to their need for supplemental oxygen at 28 days and at 36 weeks PMA (non\u2010, mild\u2010, moderate\u2010, or severe\u2010BPD). DNA was extracted from these infants and subjected to analyses for the TNF\u03b1 SNPs: \u22121,031, \u2212863, \u2212857, \u2212308, and \u2212238. The PHASE software (version 2.1) was used to reconstruct haplotypes and estimate their frequencies within the study population. Differences in birth weight (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and gestational age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but not in racial distribution between the groups were found. Haplotype\u2010specific analysis revealed no significant association between BPD severity and any of the 5\u2010marker common haplotypes with 10 or more copies in this study population. Additionally, no significant association was observed in any three SNP haplotypes at \u22121,031, \u2212863, and \u2212857, and two SNP haplotypes at \u2212308 and \u2212238. We observed no association between BPD severity and the five TNF\u03b1 SNPs investigated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:29\u201336. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,23]],"date-time":"2006-11-23T01:47:27Z","timestamp":1164246447000},"page":"29-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Single nucleotide polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 and the susceptibility to bronchopulmonary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sonya S.","family":"Strassberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana A.","family":"Cristea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance A.","family":"Parton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196702162760701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.168.3.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.2.7633720"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000159630.35883.BE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"181","article-title":"Polymorphisms of surfactant protein A genes and the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants","volume":"42","author":"Weber B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(96)80049-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.26.3.f231"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.1999.560103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(04)90052-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199711)24:5<331::AID-PPUL5>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.77.3.F198"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.72.2.F90"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00287.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2004023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2001.27192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011088"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.e243"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-1046-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh132"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)34975-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/379378"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/117.2.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000057986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1928"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70276-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02075762"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000175886.46201.D7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199408000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","unstructured":"HoldenAL.2004TSC: The SNP Consortium Ltd. 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