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The study, performed at the pediatric wards of a University Hospital and its affiliated hospital in Thailand, included 174 previously healthy children under 2 years of age, hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. Each child received either a single intramuscular injection of 0.6 mg\/kg dexamethasone or a placebo in addition to regular management. The primary outcome was the time from study entry to resolution of respiratory distress, determined by a clinical score derived from the respiratory rate, occurrence of wheezing, chest retraction, and oxygen saturation. Survival analysis using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method and a log\u2010rank test were performed. A single\u2010dose, dexamethasone injection versus placebo produced a significant: (1) decrease in the time needed for resolution of respiratory distress (hazard ratio 1.56; 95% CI, 1.14\u20132.13; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), (2) decrease in the mean duration of symptoms of 11.8 hr (95% CI, 3.9\u201319.7; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), (3) decrease in the mean duration of oxygen therapy of 14.9 hr (95% CI, 5.3\u201324.4; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), and (4) decrease in the mean length of hospital stay of 13.4 hr (95%CI, 2.6\u201324.2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). In conclusion, a single injection of dexamethasone yielded a significant clinical benefit for the treatment of previously healthy, young children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:433\u2013439. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]],"date-time":"2007-03-29T23:47:28Z","timestamp":1175212048000},"page":"433-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Efficacy of dexamethasone injection for acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children: A randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled 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