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The purpose of this study was to determine whether systemic and aerosolized administered IL\u20101 receptor antagonist (IL\u20101Ra) Anakinra (Kineret\u2122) improves lung mechanics and pulmonary artery pressure in surfactant depleted newborn piglets. After induction of acute lung injury by lung lavage, neonatal piglets received repetitive treatment of either aerosolized IL\u20101Ra (IL\u20101Ra\u2010Aerosol) or intravenous IL\u20101Ra (IL\u20101Ra\u2010i.v.), or saline solution as control. IL\u20101Ra given as aerosol or intravenously significantly reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) but did not influence mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) compared with the control group. IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20108 mRNA expressions normalized to \u03b2\u2010actin and hypoxanthine\u2010guanine\u2010phosphoribosyl transferase were significantly reduced in the IL\u20101Ra\u2010Aerosol group but not in IL\u20101Ra\u2010i.v. group compared to the control group. The lung injury score was not significantly different between IL\u20101Ra groups and the control group. Application of aerosolized IL\u20101Ra reduced MPAP without affecting MAP in a piglet model of surfactant depletion with pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, there is evidence for reduction of early pro\u2010inflammatory pulmonary reaction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:851\u2013857. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,30]],"date-time":"2008-07-30T19:07:18Z","timestamp":1217444838000},"page":"851-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Anakinra (IL\u20101R antagonist) lowers pulmonary artery pressure in a neonatal surfactant depleted piglet 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