{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:12:13Z","timestamp":1785024733014,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentration is a marker of pulmonary inflammation. It is usually measured at a single exhalation flow rate. However, measuring exhaled NO at multiple flow rates allows assessment of the flow\u2010independent NO parameters: alveolar NO concentration, bronchial NO flux, bronchial wall NO concentration, and bronchial diffusing capacity of NO. Our aim was to determine the flow\u2010independent NO parameters in healthy schoolchildren and to compare two different mathematical approaches. Exhaled NO was measured at four flow rates (10, 50, 100, and 200 ml\/sec) in 253 schoolchildren (7\u201313 years old). Flow\u2010independent NO parameters were calculated with linear method (flows \u226550 ml\/sec) and non\u2010linear method (all flows). Sixty\u2010six children (32 boys and 34 girls) with normal spirometry and no history or present symptoms of asthma, allergy, atopy or other diseases were included in the analysis. Median bronchial NO flux was 0.4 nl\/sec (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD: 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 nl\/sec) and median alveolar NO concentration was 1.9 ppb (2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 ppb) with the linear method. Bronchial NO flux correlated positively with height (r\u2009=\u20090.423; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (r\u2009=\u20090.358; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), and FVC (r\u2009=\u20090.359; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). With the non\u2010linear method, median bronchial wall NO concentration was 49.6 ppb (68.0\u2009\u00b1\u200953.3 ppb) and bronchial diffusing capacity of NO was 10.0 pl\/sec\/ppb (11.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5 pl\/sec\/ppb). The non\u2010linear method gave lower alveolar NO concentration (1.4 [1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7] ppb, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and higher bronchial NO flux (0.5 [0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3] nl\/sec, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than the linear method, but the results were highly correlated between the two methods (r\u2009=\u20090.854 and r\u2009=\u20090.971, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In conclusion, the multiple flow rate method is feasible in children but different mathematical methods give slightly different results. Reference values in healthy children are of value when applying bronchial and alveolar NO parameters in the diagnostics and follow\u2010up of inflammatory lung diseases. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1242\u20131248. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T18:54:31Z","timestamp":1226602471000},"page":"1242-1248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Alveolar and bronchial nitric oxide output in healthy children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Sepponen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Lehtim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Kaila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Kankaanranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eeva","family":"Moilanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.2.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010054526359"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06091368"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90931-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.3.97-05009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2010171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1352"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.056093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02897.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-710ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.2.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00129.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.0872"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.9903111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00950.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.067868"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.3.2105098"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000081761.33822.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.3.1012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","article-title":"Increased bronchial NO output in severe atopic eczema in children and adolescents","author":"Linkosalo L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200506-962OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","unstructured":"MoilanenE Lehtim\u00e4kiL. Method and measuring equipment for measuring nitric oxide concentration in exhaled air. US\u2010Patent 6 733 463."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200209000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20417"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.20953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.20953","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.20953","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T22:38:52Z","timestamp":1694212732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.20953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.20953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.20953","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]]}}}