{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:04:18Z","timestamp":1761512658854,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1236816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this descriptive retrospective cases series of eight cases phrenic nerve palsy in children caused by tuberculosis lymph gland infiltration of the phrenic nerve. The lymph gland enlargement was in all cases caused by culture confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The phrenic nerve palsy was on the left side in all eight cases with the presenting feature a raised diaphragm on chest radiography that was accompanied by consolidation of the left upper lobe (88%) The diagnosis of phrenic nerve palsy was confirmed by fluoroscopy of the chest. On computer tomography the outstanding features were left sided hilar and paratracheal lymph gland enlargement with displacement of the mediastinum to the right. Mediastinal displacement lead to anterior displacement of the descending aorta, which further compressed the left main bronchus. Two children had accompanying respiratory failure requiring assisted ventilation and in two additional cases the airway compression was so severe that glandular enucleation of the enlarged glands was indicated. Of the eight children five remained symptomatic after completion of TB treatment to which steroids were added for the initial month. Diaphragmatic plication was indicated in all five cases. On clinical follow\u2010up two children had repeated respiratory tract infections secondary to underlying lung damage while the other six remained asymptomatic. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:345\u2013350. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]],"date-time":"2009-03-12T16:01:08Z","timestamp":1236873668000},"page":"345-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Phrenic nerve palsy in children associated with confirmed intrathoracic tuberculosis: Diagnosis and clinical course"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Goussard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.P.","family":"Gie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Andronikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.T.","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.J.","family":"Roussouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.7.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(93)90063-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470100428"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050041","article-title":"Phrenic nerve palsy: a rare complication of indwelling subclavian vein catheter","volume":"3","author":"Aggarwal S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Phrenic paralysis caused by mediastinal adenopathy in primary tuberculous infection","volume":"67","author":"Grenet P","year":"1960","journal-title":"Med Infant (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"468","article-title":"Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis due to tuberculous hilar adenitis","volume":"22","author":"Mohan B","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"572","article-title":"Tuberculosis and phrenic nerve destruction","volume":"97","author":"Dempers J","year":"2007","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children. 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