{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:31:35Z","timestamp":1790112695391,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,7]],"date-time":"2011-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection and inflammation are important in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis. However, there are few published data describing the lower airway microbiology and cellularity in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with non\u2010cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) within 4 weeks of diagnosis were identified by a retrospective patient\u2010record review. The effects of infection (\u226510<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> colony\u2010forming units of respiratory bacteria\/ml; or detectable <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>; mycobacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, or respiratory viruses) on airway cellularity and the impact of age, gender, indigenous status, immune function, radiographic involvement and antibiotic usage on infection risk were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 113 children [median age 63 months (IQR 32\u201395)] with newly diagnosed bronchiectasis, 77 (68%) had positive BAL cultures for respiratory bacterial pathogens. <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> was most commonly detected, being present in 53 (47%) BAL specimens. <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was found in just 7 (6%) children, five of whom had an underlying disorder, while mycobacterial and fungal species were not detected. Respiratory viruses were identified in 14 (12%) children and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> in two others. Overall, 56 (49.5%) children fulfilled our definition of a lower airway infection and of these, 35 (63%) had more than one pathogen present. Compared to children without infection, children with infection had higher total cell counts (610 vs. 280\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/L), neutrophil counts (351 vs. 70\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\/L), and neutrophil percentages (69% vs. 34%). Age at diagnosis was most strongly associated with infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>BAL microbiology of children with newly diagnosed bronchiectasis is dominated by <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>. In the absence of CF, isolation of <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> may suggest a serious co\u2010morbidity in this group. Airway neutrophilia is common, especially with higher bacterial loads. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:300\u2013307. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,7]],"date-time":"2011-09-07T21:02:09Z","timestamp":1315429329000},"page":"300-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Lower airway microbiology and cellularity in children with newly diagnosed non\u2010CF bronchiectasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Kapur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Grimwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. 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