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During the 1980s, attention focused on patients with HIV, however, with the advent of anti\u2010retroviral therapy, we wished to revisit the question of underlying diseases associated with\n                    <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    pneumonia in children. We identified 80 cases from 1986 to 2006 and performed a retrospective chart review to identify clinical characteristics for each of the cases. HIV was the single most common associated underlying condition seen in this cohort, accounting for 39% of the cases overall, however, it was seen in just 15% of the cases since 1998. Transplant recipients and oncology patients together comprised another 39% of the cases, with 9% of cases attributed to primary immune deficiency and another 9% of cases associated with less well\u2010recognized causes of susceptibility. This study documents the ongoing need for vigilance to diagnose\n                    <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic>\n                    pneumonia in less well\u2010recognized clinical scenarios. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:510\u2013516. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T15:52:50Z","timestamp":1318953170000},"page":"510-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Clinical conditions associated with PCP in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Rushani W.","family":"Saltzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Albin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen 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