{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:57:29Z","timestamp":1769162249035,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,21]],"date-time":"2012-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Neonatal Research Group of the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute"},{"name":"Royal Women's Hospital Postgraduate Research Degree Scholarship and Monash International Postgraduate Research Scholarship"},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship"},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Research Fellowship","award":["491286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491286"]}]},{"name":"Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endotracheal tube (ETT) malposition is common and an increasing number of non\u2010invasive techniques to aid rapid identification of tube position are available. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is advocated as a tool to monitor ventilation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to compare EIT with five other non\u2010invasive techniques for identifying ETT position in a piglet model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six saline lavage surfactant\u2010depleted piglets were studied. Periods of ventilation with ETT placed in the oesophagus or a main bronchus (MB) were compared with an appropriately placed mid\u2010tracheal ETT. Colorimetric end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (Pedi\u2010Cap\u00ae), SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and heart rate, tidal volume (<jats:styled-content>${\\rm V}_{{\\rm T}_{{\\rm ao}} } $<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-1.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\"\/><\/jats:styled-content>) using a hot\u2010wire anemometer at the airway opening, tidal volume using respiratory inductive plethysmography (<jats:styled-content>${\\rm V}_{{\\rm T}_{{\\rm RIP}} } $<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-2.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\"\/><\/jats:styled-content>) and regional tidal ventilation within each hemithorax (EIT) were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Oesophageal ventilation<\/jats:italic>: Pedi\u2010Cap\u00ae demonstrated absence of color change. <jats:styled-content>${\\rm V}_{{\\rm T}_{{\\rm ao}} } $<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-3.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\"\/><\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content>${\\rm V}_{{\\rm T}_{{\\rm RIP}} } $<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-4.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\"\/><\/jats:styled-content>, and EIT correctly demonstrated no tidal ventilation. SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> decreased from mean (SD) 96 (2)% to 74 (12)% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; Bonferroni post\u2010test), without heart rate change. <jats:italic>MB ventilation:<\/jats:italic> SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, heart rate and Pedi\u2010Cap\u00ae were unchanged compared with mid\u2010tracheal position. <jats:styled-content>${\\rm V}_{{\\rm T}_{{\\rm ao}} } $<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-5.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\"\/><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content>${\\rm V}_{{\\rm T}_{{\\rm RIP}} } $<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-6.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\"\/><\/jats:styled-content> decreased from a mean (SD) 10.8 (5.6)\u2009ml\/kg and 14.6 (6.2)\u2009ml\/kg to 5.5 (1.9)\u2009ml\/kg and 6.4 (2.6)\u2009ml\/kg (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05; Bonferroni post\u2010test). EIT identified the side of MB ventilation, with a mean (SD) 95 (3)% reduction in tidal volume in the unventilated lung.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>EIT not only correctly identified oesophageal ventilation but also localized the side of MB ventilation. At present, no one technique is without limitations and clinicians should utilize a combination in addition to clinical judgement. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:138\u2013145. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,21]],"date-time":"2012-05-21T12:29:39Z","timestamp":1337603379000},"page":"138-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A comparison of different bedside techniques to determine endotracheal tube position in a neonatal piglet model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Georg M.","family":"Schm\u00f6lzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risha","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David 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