{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,16]],"date-time":"2023-12-16T13:38:34Z","timestamp":1702733914683},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]],"date-time":"2012-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"none reported"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title><jats:p>The superior mediastinal space is confined by the sterno\u2010manubrium anteriorly and the vertebral column posterior. An abnormal relationship between the superior mediastinal structures may result in compression of the left main bronchus. In patients with right\u2010sided pneumonectomy an exaggerated compensatory response may lead to stretching and compression of the remainder of the intra\u2010thoracic airway. Lymphobronchial TB mimics pneumonectomy when it causes compression of the bronchus intermedius, between nodal lymphnode groups with resultant volume loss in the right lung and displacement of the mediastinum to the right. The left main bronchus may be at risk of compression due to rotation and displacement of the major vessels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report pediatric cases of right\u2010sided lymphobronchial TB with volume loss, demonstrate the use of angle measurements to quantify mediastinal dynamics and support a pathogenetic theory for left main bronchus compression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CT scans in children with TB and right lung volume loss, were compared retrospectively with controls using angle measurements based on descriptions of the aorta\u2010carinal syndrome and the post\u2010pneumonectomy syndrome. The Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test was used to compare groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The \u201cPulmonary bifurcation angle\u201d between the main pulmonary arteries reached statistical significance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025). The \u201cPulmonary outflow tract rotation\u201d angle (pulmonary trunk with the mid sagittal plane) approached statistical significance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.078). The left main bronchus ranged from complete obliteration in two patients to 0.7\u2009cm. In 16 of 30 patients the size was reduced to less than 75% of expected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In children with right lung volume loss from TB, the compression of the contralateral bronchus is due to narrowing of the pulmonary artery bifurcation angle as the main trunk rotates towards the midline. This is comparable to the post\u2010pneumonectomy syndrome. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:263\u2013268.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T01:30:12Z","timestamp":1354152612000},"page":"263-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Left main bronchus compression as a result of tuberculous lymphnode compression of the right\u2010sided airways with right lung volume loss in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Andronikou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Van Wyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Goussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Children's Hospital Western Cape South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.P.","family":"Gie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Children's Hospital Western Cape South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.173.6.10584807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.206.2.9457181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.3.7863899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.1.g02ja0367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-012-2399-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-003-1117-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2009.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2007.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.161.3.3786715"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.265055156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1262-1"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.22728","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.22728","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.22728","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T06:52:32Z","timestamp":1696488752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.22728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.22728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.22728","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]]}}}