{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T19:59:37Z","timestamp":1788465577804,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Intravenous (IV) anti\u2010pseudomonal aminoglycosides (i.e., amikacin and tobramycin) have been shown to be tolerable and effective in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations (APEs) in both pediatric and adult patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this review is to provide an evidence\u2010based summary of pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic, tolerability, and efficacy studies utilizing IV amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin in the treatment of APE and to highlight areas where further investigation is needed. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Pulmonary Guidelines recommend that once\u2010daily administration of aminoglycosides is preferred over three times per day in the treatment of an APE. The literature supports dosing ranges for amikacin and tobramycin of 30\u201335 and 7\u201315\u2009mg\/kg\/day, respectively, given once daily, with subsequent doses determined by therapeutic drug concentration monitoring. The literature does not support the routine use of gentamicin in the treatment of APE due to a lack of studies showing efficacy and evidence indicating an increased risk of nephrotoxicity. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosing strategy of amikacin in the treatment of an APE, and to further identify risk factors and determinants that influence the development of <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> resistance with once\u2010daily administration of tobramycin. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1047\u20131061.<\/jats:bold>  \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T15:33:47Z","timestamp":1378136027000},"page":"1047-1061","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Optimization of anti\u2010pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: V. Aminoglycosides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"David C.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah College of Pharmacy Salt Lake City Utah"},{"name":"Intermountain Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery T.","family":"Zobell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermountain Primary Children's Medical Center Salt Lake City Utah"},{"name":"Intermountain Cystic Fibrosis Pediatric Center Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Stockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Office, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Dustin","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Intermountain McKay\u2010Dee Hospital Center Ogden Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krow","family":"Ampofo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.T.","family":"Sherwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Office, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Spigarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Trials Office, Department of Pediatrics University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200812-1845PP"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"National survey of extended\u2010interval aminoglycoside dosing in pediatric cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations","volume":"16","author":"Prescott WA","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"CD002007","article-title":"Single versus combination intravenous antibiotic therapy for people with cystic fibrosis","author":"Elphick HE","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16d30.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"CF Foundation.Microbiology and infectious disease in cystic fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Consensus Conference.1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"UCF Trust.Antibiotic treatment for cystic fibrosis. UK Cystic Fibrosis Trust Antibiotic Working Group.2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Drug information handbook","author":"Charles FL","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22669"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Tobramycin inhalation solution","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198305000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"A242","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous and inhalation antibiotic therapy in acute pulmonary deterioration in cystic fibrosis","volume":"131","author":"Cooper DM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"CD008319","article-title":"Inhaled antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Ryan G","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80130-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"1219","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"Chambers HF","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Amikacin sulfate approved package labeling","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Gentamicin sulfate approved package labeling","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Tobramycin sulfate approved package labeling","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/74.5.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.1.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00870991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01644141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02282885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/39.3.431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jac.a020865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.2.325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80663-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950010504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"Gentamicin and tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Bauer LA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80178-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(83)80737-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199906000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198713040-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199835040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80375-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199324060-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198835050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198411000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80664-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.5.1208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.4.809-813.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/37.5.1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2006.00944.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198708000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1993.tb00380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008633526772"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2006.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.78.6.536"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00221602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.60.3.372","article-title":"Amikacin therapy of exacerbations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"60","author":"Lau WK","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963771"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80790-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(83)90025-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.55.8.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.7.646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.067595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.088757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1995.tb04354.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-5994.2001.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","first-page":"CD002009","article-title":"Once\u2010daily versus multiple\u2010daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Smyth AR","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","first-page":"CD002009","article-title":"Once\u2010daily versus multiple\u2010daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis","author":"Smyth AR","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7027.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-009-8117-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17906-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.4.369"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.22813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.22813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T14:16:46Z","timestamp":1696342606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.22813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.22813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.22813","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]}}}