{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:43:03Z","timestamp":1762144983885},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,26]],"date-time":"2013-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Abbot Spain","award":["grant ACA-SPAI-09-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant ACA-SPAI-09-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>How pediatricians manage bronchiolitis and the derived total costs (direct and indirect) in the emergency department (ED) have not been fully characterized. The aim of the present study is to calculate those costs in a European country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective and observational study, including 10 EDs of tertiary hospitals throughout Spain and during the bronchiolitis season 2010\u20132011, was performed. Every ED recruited children on random days of the week (3 days per week; always including one non\u2010working day per every week). Recruitment aimed at a total sample size of 600 children. Direct (diagnostic procedures, time spent in the ED and medication) and indirect costs (work hours lost by parents, babysitting, travels, and meals) were collected. Comparisons between bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and non\u2010RSV bronchiolitis, as well as costs across severity categories were performed with the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test. A multiple regression model was built to assess the influence of several of the studied factors on the total costs, including a RSV positive test and episode severity as independent variables; and gender, age, attending nursery school, preterm birth, low birth weight, smoker mother during pregnancy, and current smoker father as covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the 664 recruited children, direct mean costs were \u20ac213.2\u2009\u00b1\u200991.8 and indirect ones were \u20ac35.9\u2009\u00b1\u200955.3; the total costs being \u20ac249.2\u2009\u00b1\u2009122.9. Costs were significantly higher in children positive to RSV and rose with increased severity. Those associations were maintained in the multiple regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although relatively low at the individual level (\u20ac249.2, mean total cost) the costs for just the ED expenses of bronchiolitis in Spain would add up to about \u20ac20 million per year. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:1011\u20131019.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,26]],"date-time":"2013-10-26T12:27:04Z","timestamp":1382790424000},"page":"1011-1019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pediatricians' attitudes and costs of bronchiolitis in the emergency department: A prospective multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Garcia\u2010Marcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Unit \u201cVirgen de la Arrixaca\u201d University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Valverde\u2010Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory Unit \u201cLos Arcos del Mar Menor\u201d University Hospital San Javier Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Pavlovic\u2010Nesic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Unit Canarias Children's hospital. 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