{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:09:11Z","timestamp":1791220151477,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>No studies longitudinally, simultaneously assessed body mass index (BMI) and spirometry in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined BMI and spirometry in 158 PCD children and adolescents from London, UK (n\u2009=\u200975), Naples, Italy (n\u2009=\u200923) and Copenhagen, Denmark (n\u2009=\u200960) at first presentation and during follow\u2010up. Annual BMI and spirometry were prospectively collected and analyzed over blocks of 2, 4, and 6 consecutive years. Sputum pathogens were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age at first spirometry was 8.7 years (range, 4.2\u201317.4). Mean <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic> scores of first measured BMI, FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, FVC, and FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375<\/jats:sub> were 0.01, \u22121.37, \u22120.84, and \u22121.68, respectively. First spirometry was not more frequently impaired in patients referred at age \u22656 years than in those referred at preschool age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.13). There were no differences in slopes for BMI, FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, FVC, or FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375<\/jats:sub> over any time block. <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> was the most common pathogen, isolated at least once in 65% of patients. <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was found in 58 subjects (37%) of whom 8 (5%) were chronically infected. Neither pathogens was associated with spirometry changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preschool referral to a PCD center was not associated with better spirometry or BMI. PCD children and adolescents receiving centralized care show steady BMI and spirometry during medium term follow\u2010up. There was a high prevalence of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> infection, but the evolution of spirometry or BMI was not affected by this microorganism in medium term. Despite our longitudinal analysis showed no differences between the three centers, the assessment of spirometry and BMI over time represents a quality improvement tool. Future studies are needed to highlight the role of spirometry and BMI in long term PCD management and identify subgroups of patients with a higher risk of early lung failure or nutritional problems. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:1243\u20131250.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T09:32:49Z","timestamp":1389605569000},"page":"1243-1250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Multicenter analysis of body mass index, lung function, and sputum microbiology in primary ciliary dyskinesia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Maglione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine Royal Brompton Hospital NHS Trust London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim G.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary Service Department of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine Royal Brompton Hospital NHS Trust London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Montella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June K.","family":"Marthin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary Service Department of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Di Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.096958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00001010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"544","article-title":"The immotile cilia syndrome. 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