{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:17:56Z","timestamp":1777929476361,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the requirement for endotracheal ventilation in preterm infants treated with heated, humidified high\u2010flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) with those treated with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for the primary treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomized, controlled, prospective, single\u2010center pilot study. Infants (gestational age [GA] &lt;35 weeks, birth weight [BW] &gt;1,000\u2009g) with RDS were randomly assigned to receive HHHFNC (38 infants) delivered by Vapotherm\u00ae device (Precision Flow\u2122 or 2000i, Vapotherm Inc., Stevensville, MD), at flows between 1.0 and 5.0\u2009L\/min, or NIPPV (38 infants) delivered by the SLE 2000 or 5000. Surfactant was administered as rescue therapy. Analysis was done by intention\u2010to\u2010treat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infant's characteristics ([mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD] GA 31.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 vs. 32.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 weeks) and cardio\u2010respiratory status at study entry (FiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 0.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05 vs. 0.26\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07; SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 90\u2009\u00b1\u20096% vs. 87\u2009\u00b1\u200912; PCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 54.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.4 vs. 52.6\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0\u2009mmHg) were comparable for the HHHFNC and NIPPV groups. There was no significant difference in the need for endotracheal ventilation (28.9% vs. 34.2%) between HHHFNC and NIPPV groups. One infant failed HHHFNC and succeeded on NIPPV. The rate of neonatal morbidities (pneumothorax, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intra\u2010ventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, and nasal trauma) was comparable in both groups. Duration of nasal support was longer with HHHFNC compared with NIPPV (5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0 vs. 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 days, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) but the duration of endotracheal ventilation, time to full feeds, and length of stay were comparable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our pilot study suggests that HHHFNC maybe as effective as NIPPV in preventing endotracheal ventilation in the primary treatment of RDS in premature infants (&lt;35 weeks GA and BW &gt;1,000\u2009g). <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:576\u2013583.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1394615828000},"page":"576-583","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["A randomized pilot study comparing heated humidified high\u2010flow nasal cannulae with 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