{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:57:26Z","timestamp":1790737046304,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"none reported"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The understanding of the role of smoking exposure in the induction of wheezing and asthma in children is important for prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review of literature and a meta\u2010analysis were conducted to identify studies on unselected prospective birth cohorts. The effect of exposure to maternal\/parental smoking on the induction of current wheezing or asthma was evaluated in children aged 6 months, &lt;6 years, and \u22656 years. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 43 papers. Exposure to maternal prenatal smoking was associated with an increased risk of wheezing in &lt;6\u2010year\u2010olds (OR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.19\u20131.55) and of wheezing or asthma in \u22656\u2010year\u2010olds (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.44). A positive association (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11\u20131.38) was also found in the only three studies that evaluated exposure to maternal prenatal smoking alone. Postnatal exposures to maternal\/parental smoking were associated with wheezing in &lt;6\u2010year\u2010olds (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13\u20131.31 and OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.13\u20131.51), although it was often impossible to separate the role of postnatal from that of prenatal exposure; data in schoolchildren are limited and this precluded a meta\u2010analysis. No clear association was found between exclusive postnatal exposure and wheezing or asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We confirmed an important role of prenatal exposure to maternal smoking on the induction of wheezing and asthma in offspring, particularly in the first years of life. More studies with a consistent number of subjects only exposed to smoke postnatally are needed to better investigate the harmful effects on the induction of wheezing or asthma, particularly in schoolchildren. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:353\u2013362.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T09:43:04Z","timestamp":1395308584000},"page":"353-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Smoke exposure, wheezing, and asthma development: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis in unselected birth cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Michela","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Direction Careggi University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Pistorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistic Unit Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Petecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Rusconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology \u201cAnna Meyer\u201d Children's University Hospital Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8707(69)90078-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.10.905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.12.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.3.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.4.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"California Environmental Protection Agency. 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