{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:18:57Z","timestamp":1761513537353,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Development Program of the University of Pretoria"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"Medical Research Council of South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells\u20101 (sTREM\u20101) is demonstrating promise as an inflammatory biomarker of acute infection in various pulmonary conditions; including community acquired pneumonia, ventilator associated pneumonia and non\u2010tuberculous mycobacterial infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of sTREM\u20101 has been poorly studied in all forms of bronchiectasis, both in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF) and non\u2010cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>: Induced sputum samples were collected for sTREM\u20101 determination in children with HIV\u2010associated bronchiectasis and CF\u2010bronchiectasis. The presence or absence of an exacerbation was noted at study entry. Lung function parameters (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, FVC, FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC, FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375<\/jats:sub>) were measured using the Viasys SpiroPro Jaeger Spirometer (Hoechberg, Germany).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>: A total of twenty\u2010six children with HIV\u2010associated bronchiectasis and seventeen with CF were included. With respect to sTREM\u20101, the levels were readily detected in both groups, but were significantly higher in children with HIV\u2010associated bronchiectasis (1244.0\u2009pg\/ml (iqr 194.5; 3755.3\u2009pg\/ml) and 204.9\u2009 pg\/ml (iqr 66.9; 653.6\u2009pg\/ml) <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003. There was a positive correlation between sTREM\u20101 and IL\u20108 as well as sputum neutrophil elastase in the HIV\u2010bronchiectasis group (r\u2009=\u20090.715 and r\u2009=\u20090.630), respectively both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005. sTREM\u20101 was not further increased in subjects presenting with an acute pulmonary exacerbation in the HIV\u2010associated bronchiectasis and in CF participants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.971 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.481), respectively. In the CF group sTREM\u20101 strongly correlated with FVC% predicted and FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>% predicted (r\u2009=\u20090.950 and r\u2009=\u20090.954), both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pulmonary innate immune functions are over\u2010active in HIV\u2010associated bronchiectasis, with readily detected sTREM\u20101 values, which were higher than those in CF. sTREM\u20101 does not correlate with markers of HIV\u2010disease activity but does correlate with markers of neutrophilic inflammation. In CF sTREM\u20101 has a negative correlation with pulmonary function parameters. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:333\u2013339.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T14:08:38Z","timestamp":1414418918000},"page":"333-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells\u20101 in childhood CF and non\u2010CF bronchiectasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Masekela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Steve Biko Academic Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"de Boeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center University Hospitals Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.C.","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Medical Research Council Unit for Inflammation and Immunity Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Olurunju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit Medical Research Council of South Africa  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Inflammation: a two\u2010edged sword\u2010the model of bronchiectasis","volume":"147","author":"Cole PJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200206-627OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00069007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0412188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1329"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2010;https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/globalreport\/Globalreport.htm. Accessed 17\/04\/2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.10104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00017713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-933671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.10.4991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1278-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00014204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"2011","article-title":"Monocytes from cystic fibrosis patients are locked in an LPS tolerance state: down\u2010regulation of TREM\u20101 as putative underlying mechanism","author":"del Fresno C","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"www.who.int\/childgrowht\/standards\/en\/. Accessed 10\/06\/2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.3.2027992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.10.4991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03091.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.019588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.7.3812"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Blocking TREM\u20101 signaling prolongs survival of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced sepsis","volume":"272","author":"Wang F","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wu S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21518"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"52040","article-title":"Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 is released in patients with stable chronic pulmonary disease","author":"Rasdak MP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00128113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-011-1339-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006621"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.23121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.23121","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.23121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T16:10:39Z","timestamp":1696349439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.23121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.23121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.23121","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"8755-6863"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-0496"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]}}}