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Therefore, a personalized medicine approach is essential. The only way to realistically accomplish this is through the development of improved in vitro human model systems. The lack of a readily available and infinite supply of human CFTR\u2010expressing airway epithelial cells is a key bottleneck. We propose that a concerted two\u2010pronged approach is necessary for patient\u2010specific cystic fibrosis research to continue to prosper and realize its potential: (1) more effective culture and differentiation conditions for growing primary human airway and nasal epithelial cells and (2) the development of collective protocols for efficiently differentiating disease\u2010 and patient\u2010specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into pure populations of adult epithelial cells. Ultimately, we need a personalized human model system for cystic fibrosis with the capacity for uncomplicated bankability, widespread availability, and universal applicability for patient\u2010specific disease modeling, novel pharmacotherapy investigation and screening, and readily executable genetic modification. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:S14\u2013S23.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,4]],"date-time":"2015-09-04T17:11:33Z","timestamp":1441386693000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Personalized medicine for cystic fibrosis: Establishing human model systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Mou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Harvard 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