{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T05:38:41Z","timestamp":1761975521116,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Research of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["014-ER5602-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["014-ER5602-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bronchial hyper\u2010responsiveness (BHR) is a key feature of asthma. The degree of BHR in children may be altered by several factors. We evaluated the prevalence of BHR according to age and gender in pediatric and adolescent population and analyzed the associated factors for gender differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 2,067 subjects, methacholine challenge tests were performed in 1,820 children from one elementary and one middle school in Seoul, Korea. A total of 1,725 subjects between 6 and 14 years old were included in the analysis. The prevalence of BHR, defined as a provocative concentration that induced a 20% reduction of FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (PC<jats:sub>20<\/jats:sub>) that was less than 8\u2009mg\/ml, was evaluated according to age and gender. Gender differences associated with BHR prevalence at each age were calculated and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with BHR by gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of BHR (PC<jats:sub>20<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2264\u20098\u2009mg\/ml) for each gender decreased with age (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.001). Although the prevalence of BHR linearly decreased in males with age, females showed an increase after 11 years of age. BHR in males was associated with a younger age (aOR, 0.797; 95%CI, 0.678\u20130.925), a higher blood eosinophil counts (%) (aOR, 1.160; 95%CI, 1.047\u20131.284), atopy (aOR, 2.091; 95%CI, 1.003\u20134.359), and a lower FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/FVC ratio (aOR, 0.947; 95%CI, 0.901\u20130.995), and FEF<jats:sub>25\u201375%<\/jats:sub> (aOR, 0.980; 95%CI, 0.961\u20130.999). In females, BHR was significantly associated with a younger age (aOR, 0.845; 95%CI, 0.747\u20130.957), lower FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (%) (aOR, 0.961; 95%CI, 0.938\u20130.984), and menarche (aOR, 3.674; 95%CI, 1.226\u201311.012).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BHR declined with age in the Korean pediatric population. A younger age and reduced lung function were common factors related to BHR in both genders. Additionally, atopy was related to BHR in males, whereas sexual maturation was related to BHR in females. These findings have important clinical implications for evaluating of childhood BHR and asthma related to gender. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1040\u20131047.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T23:11:55Z","timestamp":1461366715000},"page":"1040-1047","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association between menarche and increased bronchial hyper\u2010responsiveness during puberty in female children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Young\u2010Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics  Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital Changwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital  Busan Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun\u2010Ju","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song\u2010I","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital Anyang Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010Ho","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics CHA University School of Medicine Seongnam Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital Yangsan 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