{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T21:52:40Z","timestamp":1699825960042},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"none reported"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Objective: Children are especially vulnerable to respiratory injury induced by exposure to air pollutants. In the present study, we investigate periods of up to 7 days, and evaluate the lagged effects of exposure to air pollutants on the daily number of children and adolescents visiting the emergency room (ER) for the treatment of lower respiratory obstructive diseases (LROD), in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Daily records of LROD\u2010related ER visits by children and adolescents under the age of 19, from January 2000 to December 2007 (2,922 days) were included in the study. Time\u2010series regression models (generalized linear Poisson) were used to control for short\u2010 and long\u2010term trends, as well as for temperature and relative humidity. Third\u2010degree polynomial lag models were used to estimate both lag structures and the cumulative effects of air pollutants. Effects of air pollutants were expressed as the percentage increase in LROD\u2010related ER visits. Results: We observed an acute effect at the same day of exposure to air pollutants; however, the cumulative effects of air pollutants on the number of LROD\u2010related ER visits was almost threefold greater than the one observed at the same day of exposure to PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mainly in children aged 5 years and under. The 7\u2010day cumulative effect of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reached 11.0% (95% CI: 5.0\u201316.7) increase in visits. Conclusion and Relevance: This study highlights the effects of intermediate\u2010term exposure to air pollutants on LROD in children. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:205\u2013212.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T19:32:52Z","timestamp":1472499172000},"page":"205-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Seven\u2010day cumulative effects of air pollutants increase respiratory ER visits up to threefold"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Schvartsman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Children's Institute Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Alberto Amador","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology Study Group Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group Collective Health Post\u2010Graduation Program Universidade Catolica de Santos Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alf\u00e9sio Luiz Ferreira","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology Study Group Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group Collective Health Post\u2010Graduation Program Universidade Catolica de Santos Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia Costa Lima","family":"Farhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department Children's Institute Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology Study Group Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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