{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:50:46Z","timestamp":1759942246618},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]],"date-time":"2016-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine at the peak age for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) the ventilatory response to hypoxia of infants whose mothers substance misused in pregnancy (SM infants), or smoked during pregnancy (S mothers) and controls whose mothers neither substance misused or smoked. In addition, we compared the ventilatory response to hypoxia during the neonatal period and peak age of SIDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Working hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infants of S or SM mothers compared to control infants would have a poorer ventilatory response to hypoxia at the peak age of SIDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient\u2010subject selection<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve S; 12 SM and 11 control infants were assessed at 6\u201312 weeks of age and in the neonatal period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in minute volume, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and end tidal carbon dioxide levels on switching from breathing room air to 15% oxygen were assessed. Maternal and infant urine samples were tested for cotinine, cannabinoids, opiates, amphetamines, methadone, cocaine, and benzodiazepines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The S and SM infants had a greater decline in minute volume (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016, respectively) and oxygen saturation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031) compared to controls. In all groups, the magnitude of decline in minute volume in response to hypoxia was higher in the neonatal period compared to at 6\u201312 weeks (<jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both maternal substance misuse and smoking were associated with an impaired response to a hypoxic challenge at the peak age for SIDS. The hypoxic ventilatory decline was more marked in the neonatal period compared to the peak age for SIDS indicating a maturational effect. <jats:bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:650\u2013655.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T12:18:31Z","timestamp":1476361111000},"page":"650-655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antenatal smoking and substance\u2010misuse, infant and newborn response to hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Kamal","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology MRC &amp; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Sciences Unit King's College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hannam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology MRC &amp; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrard F.","family":"Rafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology MRC &amp; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Greenough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology MRC &amp; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London London United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2000.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/REVEH.2006.21.2.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"National trends in maternal use of opiod drugs among pregnancy\u2010related hospitalizations in the United States, 1998\u20132009","volume":"32","author":"Salihu HM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Perinatal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1500439"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80133-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80125-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00176.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70155-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.3.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.2.219","article-title":"Periodic breathing and apnea in preterm infants. 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