{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:13:19Z","timestamp":1781658799888,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008563","name":"Fondazione Ettore e Valeria Rossi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008563","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Hyponatremia (&lt;135\u2009mmol\/L), typically associated with an elevated anti\u2010diuretic hormone level, is common among children admitted with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. The main consequences of acute hyponatremia include cerebral edema and Ayus\u2010Arieff pulmonary edema. A widespread belief is that, in children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis, hyponatremia results from inappropriate anti\u2010diuresis. By contrast, the pathogenic role of extracellular fluid volume depletion or decreased effective circulating blood volume is underscored. Considering the prevalence of hyponatremia, sodium determination is advised on admission in children diagnosed with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. There is no necessity to do anything beyond reassessing the appropriateness of fluid therapy in cases with mild (130\u2010134\u2009mmol\/L) hyponatremia. In children with sodium &lt;130\u2009mmol\/L, the underlying etiology is sometimes evident from history and physical findings. Given that clinical assessment of fluid volume status is difficult in hyponatremia, further laboratory evaluation is often required in these patients. An increase in sodium level \u22646\u2009mmol\/L per day is currently considered the therapeutic goal in all cases. Emergency correction with a 2\u2009mL\/kg body weight bolus of 3.0% saline over 10\u201015\u2009min intravenously is advised in cases with severe symptoms due to hyponatremia and in cases with symptoms, even if mild, due to a rapid\u2010onset (&lt;48\u2009h) of hyponatremia (two additional doses are administered if the patient's condition does not improve).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]],"date-time":"2017-03-07T15:12:46Z","timestamp":1488899566000},"page":"962-967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Hyponatremia in children with acute respiratory infections: A reappraisal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Camilla","family":"Lavagno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department of Southern Switzerland Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio P.","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatric Emergency Department and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Uestuener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department of Southern Switzerland Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo D.","family":"Simonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department of Southern Switzerland Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Casaulta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University Children's Hospital of Bern Inselspital Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4827-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario G.","family":"Bianchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department of Southern Switzerland Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro B.","family":"Fare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department of Southern Switzerland Bellinzona Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano A. G.","family":"Lava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University Children's Hospital of Bern Inselspital Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics H\u00f4pital Robert Debr\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4984"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2014.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2016.1162390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Hyponatremia in sick children: a marker of serious illness","volume":"31","author":"Singhi S","year":"1994","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0910-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2010.14471"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6627-3_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-3033-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-015-1791-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2712-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.31.5.9S"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2600"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2014_41"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2015.1072706"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200308000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0317"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Right ventricular function in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis","volume":"77","author":"Thorburn K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3273-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000823"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199002000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","article-title":"Mechanism of hyponatremia in community\u2010acquired pneumonia: does B\u2010type natriuretic peptide play a causative role","author":"Hausman\u2010Kedem M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2000.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu298"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1323-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0154-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-36-78"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.05.015"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fppul.23671","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.23671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T12:32:36Z","timestamp":1696509156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.23671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.23671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.23671","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,7]]}}}